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To: AugustWest who wrote (314)	1/20/2001 9:56:58 PM
From: SIer formerly known as Joe B.	Respond to of 363

Closed-book Quiz 1. Name the five wealthiest people in the world. 2. Name the last five Heisman trophy winners. 3. Name the last five winners of the Miss America contest. 4. Name ten people who have won the Nobel or Pulitzer prize. 5. Name the last half dozen Academy Award winners for Best Actor and Actress. 6. Name the last decade's worth of World Series Winners. How did you do? The point is, none of us remembers the headliners of yesterday. These are no second-rate achievers. They're the best in their fields. But the applause dies. Awards tarnish. Achievements are forgotten. Accolades and certificates are buried with their owners. Now here's another quiz. See how you do on this one: 1. List a few teachers who aided your journey through school. 2. Name three friends who have helped you through a difficult time. 3. Name five people who have taught you something worthwhile. 4. Think of a few people who have made you feel appreciated and special. 5. Think of five people you enjoy spending time with. 6. Name a half dozen heroes whose stories have inspired you. Easier? The lesson? The people who make a difference in your life aren't the ones with the most credentials, the most money, or the most awards. They're the ones who care. When you have a chance, pass this on to people who've made a difference in your life. I just did.

To: AugustWest who wrote (314)	1/25/2001 12:00:41 AM
From: SIer formerly known as Joe B.	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 363

Rats Dream a Little Dream, Too Wednesday January 24 6:11 PM ET dailynews.yahoo.com By Maggie Fox, Health and Science Correspondent WASHINGTON (Reuters) - It's a tough life being a laboratory rat -- being made to run maze after maze, for hours on end, with only a few chocolate sprinkles as pay. In fact, it's such a demanding job that the rats actually dream about it, researchers said on Wednesday. ``We know that they are in fact dreaming and their dreams are connected to actual experiences,'' Matthew Wilson of the Center for Learning and Memory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (news - web sites), who led the study, said in a statement. Writing in the journal Neuron, they said their findings were not only fascinating but could shed light on what dreams do for humans. Wilson and graduate student Kenway Louie taught the rats to run around a circular track in exchange for treats. ``We give them little chocolate sprinkles -- little decorator sprinkles. They like that,'' Wilson said in a telephone interview. They implanted tiny electrodes in the rats' brains -- a procedure that scientists say is painless and allows them to monitor the activity of individual neurons. They focused on the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain where, in humans, memories of experiences are formed. They monitored the rats' brain activity while they ran the maze, and then monitored what the brains did when the animals slept. Like all mammals, including humans, rats go through phases of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, which in humans correlates with dreaming. The patterns were so similar that the researchers could tell where on the maze the rats were in their dreams and how fast they were dreaming they were running. ``We could identify what segment and what the pattern of the running activity was during this REM sleep -- literally what they were doing -- how they were running, where they were running,'' Wilson said. ``Remarkable And Amazing'' ``It's remarkable and amazing to us. I can tell you the first time I saw this it was the most amazing thing I had ever seen -- the pattern of firing of cells in the brain,'' he said. Wilson believes the rat dreams have a purpose. Research has shown that humans and other animals learn -- even tasks -- better when they literally sleep on it. The rat work suggests dreams may be a literal rehearsal. ``We believe the reactivation of memory during sleep has some importance in the formation of memories,'' he said. ``We are trying to learn from experiences, trying to take in things while awake. We are finding the rules and regulations, trying to figure out how the world works.'' It also shows that the brains of rats are more complex than had been believed. The dream sequences lasted for minutes at a time. Scientists had not known whether lower animals such as rodents could recall such long sequences of events. ``I think it does force us to think about animal cognition,'' Wilson said. And that brings up the question of how ``dumb animals'' are treated. ``I am an animal researcher. You might think my staunchest enemies might be those involved in animal rights. But we are concerned about animal welfare,'' Wilson said. Next, Wilson and Louie plan to see if the neural activity correlates with the movements the rats make in their sleep. ''Their legs twitch, their whiskers move. They are expressing certain suppressed motor patterns that might relate to what they are actually dreaming about,'' Wilson said. Wilson's work reinforces a study last year in which a team at the University of Chicago found that songbirds dream about their singing. Daniel Margoliash and colleagues also used implanted wires to monitor the brain activity of birds while they sang and while they slept.