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To: pater tenebrarum who wrote (47570)	12/14/2000 10:58:30 AM
From: Box-By-The-Riviera™	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 436258

Source of Amazon's cash flow finally found! Thursday December 14 5:21 AM ET National Geographic Team Pinpoints Amazon Source WASHINGTON (Reuters) - A five-nation expedition has determined the precise source of the Amazon River in southern Peru through the use of advanced satellite navigation technology, the National Geographic (news - web sites) Society said on Thursday. The team used Global Positioning System equipment to take measurements that precisely confirm the ultimate source of the river as a stream beginning on Nevado Mismi, a mountain in southern Peru, NGS said in a statement. In recent years, at least one other stream flowing from a separate peak had been identified as the source of the mighty Amazon, one of the world's longest rivers. The Amazon springs from the Andes' high glacial regions and the riddle about its source has inspired speculation for centuries. National Geographic said the GPS equipment used by the expedition was considered accurate to within 1 to 5 meters. GPS receivers use orbiting satellites as reference points to pin point locations on the Earth's surface. ``The trip's result is a highly reliable map of the Amazon's headwaters and an accurate determination of the river's source,'' said Andrew Pietowski, a mathematics teacher from Carmel, New York, who led the expedition. ``I was delighted to lead the team of explorers and scientists, despite what we had to overcome -- cold, vicious winds and temperatures well below zero Fahrenheit, high altitude and very rough terrain,'' he added. Pietowski's team members -- representing the United States, Poland, Peru, Canada and Spain -- traveled by foot, jeep, bicycle and horseback to explore the five remote Andean rivers that combine to form the Amazon. Smithsonian Institution geographer Andrew Johnson said the source of the Amazon could be defined as the most distant point in the drainage basin from which surface water ran year round, or the furthest point from which water could possible flow to the Atlantic. ``The Nevado Mismi fits both of these definitions,'' said Johnson, who directed the GPS work. National Geographic said the July 2000 expedition was the culmination of four reconnaissance trips in 1998 and 1999.