To: herringbone_100 who wrote (17677 ) 12/27/2000 11:41:17 PM From: Craig Freeman Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 60323 herringbone_100, welcome to History 101! The 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was passed in 1913 as follows: "Amendment XVI. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration." The Federal Reserve Act came later in that year. There are huge numbers of people who claim that the Fed Act never passed Congress and/or that we are not obliged to honor the 16th Amendment. But most of the "serious" complainants are currently in jail. Details on the Federal Reserve Act can be found at: ddi.digital.net Given it's length, one is more likely to find people walking the streets who have read every word of the King James Bible than those who have even "skimmed" The Federal Reserve Act of 1913. Alan Greenspan hadn't even hit puberty by 1913 and I can't imagine anyone -- even my own father -- using the Fed Act as "bathroom material". Given that few guard the law and many administrate it, the Fed works more independently than any other part of government except the "CIA". Craig reply to:<he is just doing what the constitution gave him the power to do> 'Article 1, Section 8 of our Constitution states that Congress shall have the power to coin money and regulate the value, thereof...' the federal reserve act in 1913 produced the 'fed'. they haven't been here all along since the inception of the us constitution. my one beef with the fed is the public conception of them as an official u.s. arm of the government, like the treasury. they are not, they came along as a 'cartel' of bankers and are still a cartel of bankers today. their monetary policy may be good or bad (i agree with your assessment of current stance and don't see any reason for immediate lowering of rates) but i find it annoying that 9 out of 10 believe the 'fed' to be a legitimate branch of the u.s. government. they are a cartel of bankers (with their own interests and concerns) providing a service to the u.s. they are not liable or held accountable to the american public as they are not u.s. public officials. that said, i don't think we should burn AG at the stake... maybe just dangle him by this thumbnails for an hour or two. it is difficult for me to get past the fact that many people i personally know (o.k., their own greed contributed) have seen their retirement money get 'poofed' away.... the average american believes AG is 'god' and largely responsible for the economic prosperity we have enjoyed for the last 8 years... that may be so or it may not be so. but, as you noted, the fed created the naz 'explosion' or bubble... and then let it 'poof' without warning (most don't watch the market's daily gyrations and couldn't see the writing on the wall) except for a garbled 'irrational exuberance' speech last year. my point is, how about a little disclosure to the american public?? why doesn't the fed clarify who and what they are... and what their interests are, i.e. global monetary policy, not just u.s.... or maybe they have, and americans just don't want to believe that there is no Wizard in Oz. just us munchkins <g>