To: JDN who wrote (125131 ) 2/5/2001 12:00:35 PM From: Neocon Respond to of 769667 India has, indeed, experienced terrible intercommunal violence. China and Russia, though, are not notable for such things, except that the communist regimes have persecuted religious people. England had some loss of life in the contest between Catholicism and Protestantism, but a lot of it was confined to leaders. The religious wars of Germany lasted a long time, but they were actually not very vigorously prosecuted, which is part of the reason they dragged on. France persecuted the Hugenots, for sure, but one of the reasons the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre is remember is because it stood out as being uniquely bloody for the period, not because it was typical. In any event, as I said, it is almost impossible to separate political and religious motives when referring to such matters, given the strong intertwining of politics and religion at the time. The Spanish Inquisition stood out because no other country had such a bloody episode, and it had a lot to do with the Castilian reconquest and reuniting of Spain. The Crusades were as much a matter of adventurism on the part of many participants as they were religious: lesser nobility trying to carve out kingdoms, principalities, and other feudal demesnes for themselves. Besides, how do we weigh the evil associated with religious fanaticism against the good done by teaching orders, spreading literacy among the poor; medical missionaries, bringing medical help to those deprived; charitable foundations, running orphanages, soup kitchens, and other aid for those in need; and the sheer comfort and community afforded by many churches. The church was a source of strength in the black community, for example, providing a locus of civil rights activities. In Poland, the church was the major popular focus of opposition to Communism. Much of the underground opposition to the Nazi regime was religious. In fact, most of those who harbored Jews to save them from the extermination camps did so from religious motivation. Well, that is enough for now.......