2/09/01 - Management`s Discussions: 10-K, COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP 1 of 7
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Company Name: COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP (SYMBOL:CPQ )
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Founded in 1982, Compaq Computer Corporation ("Compaq") is a leading global provider of enterprise technology and solutions. Compaq designs, develops, manufactures and markets hardware, software, solutions and services, including industry-leading enterprise computing solutions, fault-tolerant business-critical solutions, communciation products, and desktop and portable personal computers that are sold in more than 200 countries.
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements. Certain statements contained herein may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially, as discussed more fully herein.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Compaq completed the acquisitions of Digital Equipment Corporation ("Digital"), Shopping.Com ("SDC") and Zip2 Corp. ("Zip2") and purchased certain assets and liabilities of InaCom Corp. ("Inacom") in June 1998, February 1999, April 1999 and February 2000, respectively. These transactions were accounted for as purchases. In August 1999, Compaq sold a majority interest in SDC, Zip2 and the AltaVista Company, a business acquired in the Digital acquisition (collectively "AltaVista") to CMGI, Inc. ("CMGI"). Accordingly, Compaq's consolidated financial statements include the results of operations from the respective dates of acquisition through divestiture or December 31, 2000, as applicable.
During 2000, Compaq realigned the operations of its Enterprise Solutions and Services segment, which resulted in the formation of two reportable segments: Enterprise Computing and Compaq Global Services. These two segments accounted for 50 percent of consolidated revenue and 86 percent of segment operating income in 2000. Compaq's other two reportable segments, Commercial Personal Computing and Consumer, were unaffected by the realignment. Enterprise Computing designs, develops, manufactures and markets advanced computing and telecommunication products, including business-critical servers, industry-standard servers and storage products. Compaq Global Services delivers worldwide infrastructure and solution design implementation, management, and support services through Professional and Customer Services. Commercial Personal Computing delivers standards-based computing emphasizing Internet access through workstations, desktops, portables, monitors, Internet access devices and life-cycle management products. The Consumer segment targets home users with Internet-ready desktops and portables, printers and related products, as well as Internet access and e-services. Financial data for prior periods has been restated to conform to the current presentation.
Summary financial data by business segment follows:
(In millions) 2000 1999
1998
-------- --------
--------
ENTERPRISE COMPUTING Revenue ....................... $ 14,316 $ 12,974
$ 10,498
Operating income .............. 2,140 1,201
948
COMPAQ GLOBAL SERVICES Revenue ....................... 6,993 7,162
3,990
Operating income .............. 944 1,148
776
COMMERCIAL PERSONAL COMPUTING Revenue ....................... 13,136 12,185
11,846
Operating income (loss) ....... 289 (448)
(46)
CONSUMER Revenue ....................... 7,586 5,994
4,932
Operating income .............. 170 262
183
OTHER Revenue ....................... 352 210
(97)
Operating income (loss) ....... 27 (281)
(115)
CONSOLIDATED SEGMENT TOTALS Revenue ....................... $ 42,383 $ 38,525
$ 31,169
Operating income .............. $ 3,570 $ 1,882
$ 1,746
A reconciliation of Compaq's consolidated segment operating income to consolidated income (loss) before income taxes follows:
Year ended December 31 (In millions) 2000 1999
1998
------- -------
-------
Consolidated segment operating income ......... $ 3,570 $ 1,882
$ 1,746
Corporate and unallocated shared expenses ..... (1,117) (1,156)
(888)
Restructuring and related activities .......... 86 (868)
(393)
Purchased in-process technology ............... -- --
(3,196)
Other income (expense), net ................... (1,664) 1,076
69
------- -------
-------
Income (loss) before income taxes ............. $ 875 $ 934
$(2,662)
======= =======
======= OVERVIEW
Compaq reported 2000 consolidated revenue of $42.4 billion, an increase of $3.9 billion, or 10 percent, compared with the prior year. Strong growth in Consumer, Enterprise Computing and Commercial Personal Computing drove higher revenue. Consolidated revenue in 1999 increased $7.4 billion, or 24 percent, compared with 1998 primarily due to higher revenues from Compaq Global Services, Enterprise Computing and Consumer. Revenue in 1998 reflects the acquisition of Digital from June 1998 through the remainder of the year while 1999 and 2000 revenue reflects Digital amounts for the entire year.
Consolidated gross margin of $10.0 billion (23.5 percent of revenue) in 2000 improved 0.9 percentage points compared with the prior year reflecting Compaq's strategy to drive profitable growth. Stronger margins in Commercial Personal Computing and Enterprise Computing led to the overall improvement in gross margin. Consolidated gross margin declined 0.4 percentage points in 1999 compared to 1998, primarily due to lower margins in Commercial Personal Computing.
Consolidated operating expense was $7.5 billion in 2000, a decline of $488 million, or 6.1 percent, compared with 1999. As a percentage of revenue, operating expense declined significantly to 17.7 percent from 20.8 percent in the prior year due to solid execution of spending discipline. Operating expense increased $1.7 billion, or 26 percent, in 1999 compared with 1998 primarily as a result of the Digital acquisition.
The effective tax rate was 32 percent for the year ended December 31, 2000 compared with 39.1 percent for 1999. The higher effective tax rate in 1999 was primarily due to the gain on sale of businesses and restructuring and related charges.
Consolidated net income of $569 million was unchanged from the prior year. Earnings per diluted common share were $0.33 for the year ended December 31, 2000 compared to $0.34 in 1999. Consolidated net income included a $1.1 billion, net of tax, impairment charge for certain equity investments in 2000, while 1999 consolidated net income included a $670 million, net of tax, gain on sale of a business and a $600 million, net of tax, charge for restructuring and related activities. The consolidated net loss of $2.7 billion in 1998 included a one-time charge for purchased in-process technology of $3.2 billion related to the acquisition of Digital.
Effective January 1, 2000, Compaq adopted Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, REVENUE RECOGNITION IN FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, as amended ("SAB 101"), issued by the Securities and Exchange Commission in December 1999. Compaq's adoption of SAB 101 resulted in a change in the method of accounting for certain product shipments. The cumulative effect of this change was $38 million ($26 million, net of tax). This accounting change did not have a material effect on revenue or quarterly earnings during 2000. Compaq has restated its results for the first three quarters of the year ended December 31, 2000, as reflected in the Selected Quarterly Financial Data on page 50.
ENTERPRISE COMPUTING
Enterprise Computing revenue increased $1.3 billion, or 10 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year and represented 34 percent of consolidated revenue. In 1999, revenue from this segment increased $2.5 billion, or 24 percent, compared with 1998. Enterprise Computing revenue consisted of the following:
Year ended December 31 (In millions) 2000 1999
1998
-------- --------
--------
Industry Standard Servers(1) ............... $ 5,847 $ 4,604
$ 4,529
Storage Products ........................... 5,240 5,066
3,444
Business Critical Servers(1) ............... 3,226 3,225
2,334
Other ...................................... 3 79
191
-------- --------
--------
$ 14,316 $ 12,974
$ 10,498
======== ========
======== Industry Standard Servers revenue grew 27 percent during 2000 compared with the prior year. Revenue benefited from higher average unit prices, which were aided by mid-year component shortages and a richer server mix. Demand was strong across all regions as both corporate and Internet service provider customers continued to build out their data centers. Revenue growth was strongest in the Compaq PROLIANT(TM) dense rack-optimized server line as an increasing number of customers valued the simplicity and space-saving economies provided by dense servers. Also, higher-end server revenue was strong with solid sales in industry-leading 4-way and 8-way servers. In 1999, Industry Standard Servers revenue benefited from a higher market share in North America compared with 1998.
Storage Products revenue increased 3 percent during the year. Strong growth in enterprise storage, which consisted of external storage, software and high-end tape, was offset by lower attached storage. Enterprise storage growth was driven by solid sales in software and strong acceptance of Compaq's Enterprise Network Storage Architecture solutions. Revenue benefited from an increase in overall storage capacity shipped of 67 percent to 70,000 terabytes during the year, partially offset by
(1) Compaq ALPHASERVER(TM) and PROLIANT(TM) systems product revenue does not include attached and enterprise storage, which is captured in Storage Products.
aggressive price declines per unit of capacity. Storage Products revenue growth in 1999 resulted primarily from the Digital acquisition.
Business Critical Servers revenue was essentially unchanged in 2000 compared with the prior year due to product transition to the Compaq ALPHA(TM) GS Series and related component shortages which have since been resolved. The increase in Business Critical Servers revenue in 1999 was primarily due to the acquisition of Digital.
Enterprise Computing operating income increased $939 million, or 78 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year due to strong revenue growth and higher gross margins, as well as lower operating expenses. Margins improved due to a mix shift toward the high-end and increased enterprise storage. Strong demand for industry standard servers drove higher average unit prices. Operating expense declined in whole dollars and as a percentage of revenue in the Enterprise Computing segment due to a continued focus on cost control and expense reduction. Operating income improved in 1999 compared with 1998 due to stronger performance in Storage Products, a decline in operating expense as a percentage of revenue and a full year of Digital business.
COMPAQ GLOBAL SERVICES
Compaq Global Services revenue decreased $169 million, or 2 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year and represented 16 percent of consolidated revenue. Compaq Global Services revenue consisted of the following:
Year ended December 31 (In millions) 2000 1999
1998
-------- --------
--------
Customer Services(2) ....................... $ 4,336 $ 4,356
$ 2,462
Professional Services(2) ................... 2,657 2,806
1,528
-------- --------
--------
$ 6,993 $ 7,162
$ 3,990
======== ========
======== Adjusted for the effects of currency, Compaq Global Services revenue increased 3 percent. The decline in Compaq Global Services revenue during the year was primarily a result of lower Professional Services revenue. Adjusted for the effects of currency, Professional Services revenue was essentially unchanged. Compaq has narrowed its focus for Professional Services to target areas of opportunity that are consistent with its Internet-related service strategy and continues to realign its workforce to support growth plans. Customer Services revenue grew 5 percent adjusted for the effects of currency, in line with the market. Such growth was aided by strong attachment of services with product sales and continued penetration of business-critical services. Compaq Global Service revenue increased $3.2 billion, or 79 percent, in 1999 compared with 1998, benefiting from a full year of the Digital business acquired in June 1998. Customer Services benefited from significant growth in Asia-Pacific, Latin America and Greater China, reflecting recovery from Asian and Latin American economic crises. Revenue also improved as a result of growth in software support and business-critical services. Outsourcing business and e-business strengths favorably impacted Professional Services revenue.
Compaq Global Services operating income declined $204 million, or 18 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year. Given the substantial portion of international business within Compaq Global Services, currency declines significantly impacted operating income during 2000. While profitability in the Customer Services business remains strong, Professional Services operating results were lower primarily due to workforce rebalancing and reskilling. Operating expense increased primarily due to investment in direct sales capability. Operating income was higher in 1999 compared with 1998 primarily due to a full year of Digital business.
(2) Compaq Global Services revenue includes revenue from the sale of products made in connection with providing solutions and services to customers.
COMMERCIAL PERSONAL COMPUTING
Commercial Personal Computing revenue increased $951 million, or 8 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year and represented 31 percent of consolidated revenue. Revenue grew across all regions, benefiting from higher unit sales of portables and Compaq IPAQ(TM) products, offset in part by lower unit sales of desktops. In 1999, Commercial Personal Computing revenue increased $339 million, or 3 percent, compared with 1998. Overall unit sales growth in 1999 was partially offset by declining average unit prices, which were lower due to competitive pricing and a shift in product mix. Demand for portable products shifted from higher-end mobility and power to lower cost during 1999.
Compaq completed the purchase of key assets from Inacom during the first quarter of 2000 and subsequently established Custom Edge Incorporated as a wholly owned subsidiary (also known as Compaq Direct). This purchase adds custom configuration capabilities and direct fulfillment logistics that enable Compaq to better meet customer needs in North America.
Commercial Personal Computing operating income increased $737 million, from a loss of $448 million in 1999 to income of $289 million in 2000. Operating results strengthened dramatically due to continued improvement in the business model, including integration of Compaq Direct's fulfillment capacity, and successful reduction of operating costs. Profitability also benefited from a favorable shift in product mix to higher margin portables and supply chain efficiencies. Operating expense declined due to persistent focus on streamlining processes and increasing efficiencies. Commercial Personal Computing operating loss increased $402 million in 1999 as compared with 1998 due primarily to lower gross margins which resulted from average unit prices falling faster than costs. Costs for processors, memory and hard drives for desktops and portables declined during the year. Gross margin also suffered from aggressive competitive bidding. Operating expenses declined slightly in 1999 as a percentage of revenue due to an increased focus on sales and marketing spending as well as support costs.
CONSUMER
Consumer revenue increased $1.6 billion, or 27 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year and accounted for 18 percent of consolidated revenue. Consumer revenue benefited from strong international sales growth, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Latin America. Higher unit sales of desktops and portables also contributed to revenue growth. The Consumer segment continues to hold the number one worldwide consumer PC market share position (according to International Data Corporation). The "beyond the box" business, which includes Internet access, Internet traffic, printers, software, financing and warranty upgrades, increased 86 percent compared with the prior year. Consumer revenue increased $1.1 billion, or 22 percent, in 1999 compared with 1998. Revenue benefited from high unit growth driven by strong consumer demand, partially offset by a decline in average unit prices. Component costs continued to decline, which allowed Compaq to reach lower price points, thus spurring consumer demand. An increase in international sales also drove total revenue higher, particularly in Latin America and Asia-Pacific. Higher revenue from Internet access and traffic benefited the Consumer segment in 1999.
Consumer operating income declined $92 million, or 35 percent, in 2000 compared with the prior year. The decline in operating income was primarily due to a downturn in the U.S. consumer PC market that occurred late in the fourth quarter of 2000. Higher component costs also contributed to lower operating income. Operating expenses were relatively unchanged as a percentage of revenue. Consumer operating income increased $79 million, or 43 percent, in 1999 compared with 1998. The increase in operating income was attributable to higher revenue, which resulted in higher gross margin in absolute dollars, and slightly lower operating expenses as a percentage of revenue.
CORPORATE AND UNALLOCATED SHARED EXPENSES
The results of the business segments exclude separately managed corporate and unallocated shared expenses, which consisted primarily of general and administrative costs as well as other items not controlled by the business segments. Corporate and unallocated shared expenses declined from $1.2 billion in 1999 to $1.1 billion in 2000. Corporate and unallocated shared expenses increased $268 million in 1999 due to higher information management, acquisition integration and other general shared costs.
RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES
During 2000, Compaq substantially completed all of the actions contemplated under the 1998 and 1999 restructuring plans. In December 2000, Compaq reversed excess reserves of $86 million for employee separations, facility closure costs and other costs related to the 1999 plan. Accrued costs under both plans at December 31, 2000 included amounts for actions that have already been taken, but for which expenditures have not yet been made.
In September 1999, Compaq's management approved a restructuring plan to realign Compaq's organization, reduce infrastructure and overhead, and eliminate excess and duplicative facilities. Restructuring and related charges of $868 million ($600 million, net of tax) were expensed. These charges were composed of $787 million of accrued restructuring costs, $58 million of related asset impairment charges and a $23 million pension curtailment loss to recognize a change in Compaq's projected pension benefit obligation in connection with employee separations. Costs for employee separations related to approximately 7,000 employees worldwide affecting the majority of business functions, job classes and regions, predominantly occurring in North America and Europe. Employee separation benefits include severance, medical and other benefits.
In June 1998, Compaq recorded a restructuring charge of approximately $1.7 billion to integrate the operations of Compaq and Digital, consolidate duplicative facilities, improve service delivery and reduce overhead. Approximately $1.5 billion was related to the acquisition of Digital and recorded as a component of purchase accounting and $286 million related to Compaq and was charged to operations. During 1998, Compaq also recorded a $107 million charge related to asset impairments.
An analysis of the accrued costs and amounts charged against the provision follows:
EXPENDITURES
BEGINNING
DECEMBER 31, AND DECEMBER 31,
(In millions) ACCRUAL
EXPENDITURES 1999 ADJUSTMENTS 2000
---------
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
1999 PLAN Employee separations .................................. $ 491
$ (68) $ 423 $ (321) $ 102
Facility closure costs ................................ 96
-- 96 (50) 46
Contract cancellation and other exit costs ............ 200
(167) 33 (28) 5
---------
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
$ 787
$ (235) $ 552 $ (399) $ 153
---------
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
1998 PLAN Employee separations .................................. $ 1,131
$ (962) $ 169 $ (106) $ 63
Facility closure costs ................................ 414
(184) 230 (124) 106
Relocation ............................................ 99
(65) 34 (18) 16
Other exit costs ...................................... 100
(83) 17 (12) 5
---------
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
$ 1,744
$ (1,294) $ 450 $ (260) $ 190
---------
------------ ------------ ------------- ------------
$ 2,531
$ (1,529) $ 1,002 $ (659) $ 343
=========
============ ============ ============= ============ Employee separations related to the 1998 and 1999 restructuring plans were 1,100 and 4,900, respectively, during 2000. Total employee separations related to the 1998 and 1999 restructuring plans were 23,400 as of December 31, 2000.
OTHER INCOME AND EXPENSE
Other income and expense changed from income of $1.1 billion in 1999 to a $1.7 billion expense in 2000, primarily due to a gain on sale of businesses recorded in 1999 and an investment impairment charge recorded in 2000. In August 1999, Compaq sold an 81.5 percent equity interest in AltaVista for approximately 38 million CMGI common shares, CMGI preferred shares convertible into 3.6 million CMGI common shares and a $220 million three-year note receivable. Total consideration received from CMGI was valued at $1.8 billion. After adjusting for the net assets sold and for the expenses associated with the divestiture, Compaq realized a gain of approximately $1.2 billion ($670 million, net of tax). Compaq recor |