To: bobby is sleepless in seattle who wrote (2880 ) 3/1/2001 11:49:11 PM From: Susan G Respond to of 5732 A 'Bat' Signal That Maps Whereabouts in a Networked Building WHAT'S NEXT March 1, 2001 By ANNE EISENBERG HARRY POTTER, the star of the children's book series, has a Marauder's Map, with tiny moving symbols that show the location of everyone in his school. It is very handy when he is out late at night solving mysteries and wants to avoid bumping into enemies. Now scientists have devised a real map that has a lot in common with Harry's magic one. Visitors can see it at the AT&T Laboratories in Cambridge, England, perhaps not far from Harry's fictional home, somewhere in England. There, in a three-story, 10,000-square-foot space, AT&T staff members have developed a constantly updated map that can track people with ultrasound signals as they move through the building. It pinpoints their locations within inches, as long as they are wearing a transmitter the size of a key chain. This ultrasound technology has a highly practical purpose: to track people moving through a hospital, factory or other building without encumbering them with computer gear. Since the system knows where the person is at all times, any nearby computer can be instructed to display the person's familiar desktop or data. It would be as if the desktop were following the person from machine to machine throughout the building. The tagging of machines and people, and the coordination of these tags through a computer network, is one form of what is known as ubiquitous, or pervasive, computing. In such a world of networked buildings, communications and computer power would be constantly at hand as people moved around. A doctor in a hospital, for example, would be able to call up important records quickly at a patient's bedside by using the nearest remote display. For such technology to work, though, the system must be aware of exactly where the people are. It needs to know when someone walks over to a computer, telephone or microphone, not just when the person enters a room. The system that AT&T Labs has developed is designed to do just that. "We wanted to be able to locate people very accurately," said Pete Steggles, one of the designers of the system, "but to limit the amount of stuff they had to carry — only your ID, really." The ID Mr. Steggles speaks of is the linchpin of the location system. It is a small device about two and a half inches long that includes an ultrasound transmitter and a two-way radio. People who want to be part of the system carry these small devices. The transmitters are also placed outside or on top of objects, like desktop computers, telephones and cameras, throughout the building. The rest of the wireless system is embedded in the building, mainly in the form of ultrasound receivers tucked in every four feet or so above the tiles of the suspended ceiling. These receivers detect the ultrasound pulses emitted by the transmitters to locate people and equipment. A detector that is mounted on the far side of the room registers an ultrasound pulse later than a detector just above an object. "Using this differential timing information," Dr. Andy Hopper said, "it's possible to calculate the position of objects to about a cubic inch." Dr. Hopper is the managing director of the laboratory and an engineering professor at the University of Cambridge. "Bats find their way around using much the same principle," Dr. Hopper said, "so we called the system Active Bat." Real bats send out high-frequency chirps, then navigate based on the location information they get from the reflected sound waves. With the AT&T system, the devices that are carried around (called bats by the researchers) emit the ultrasound chirps, and a high-speed network analyzes the signals it receives. nytimes.com