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Pastimes : The Big Tex House of Coin -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Spark who wrote (17902)	3/31/2001 10:11:05 PM
From: Michael E. Baldino	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 19297

In the sense of energy we refer to a perpetual motion machine as any putative device that violates the First Law of Thermodynamics or the Second Law of Thermodynamics We say 'putative' because so far no device, invention, or scheme has ever been shown to violate these laws. Indeed a despairing US patent office has been forced to issue the following notice to stem the tide of nonsense inventions: The views of the Patent Office are in accord with those scientists who have investigated the subject and are to the effect that such devices are physical impossibilities. The position of the Office can only be rebutted by a working model. ... The Office hesitates to accept fees from applicants who believe they have discovered Perpetual Motion, and deems it only fair to give such applicants a word of warning that fees cannot be recovered after the case has been considered by the Examiner. The First Law of Thermodynamics The energy of an isolated system is constant or dU = dq + dw (The change in internal energy = heat change + work done on system) Other state functions H = U + PV :Enthalpy The Second Law The entropy of an isolated system increases in the course of a spontaneous change No process is possible in which the sole result is the absorption of heat from a reservoir and its complete conversion into work The Clausius inequality For an irreversible process dS > dq/T Other state functions A = U - TS Helmholtz function G = H - TS Gibbs function (Free energy)