To: thecow who wrote (18981 ) 4/20/2001 7:35:39 PM From: PMS Witch Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 110631 On my desktop, I have .LNK and .PIF files. About fifteen in all, averaging about 900 bytes for the .PIF and 300 for the .LNK files. The total is 9,000 bytes. At this rate, a 3.5 floppy would have a theoretical capacity of 2,400 desktop items. However, theory and practice seldom walk together. Each file has a minimum size, depending on the number of clusters available on the disk. Assume a 1,024 byte cluster, and the capacity drops from 2,400 items to 1,400. Further, if the items are stored in the root folder of the floppy, the root directory can store a maximum of 64 entries. When files are written to a disk, whether fixed, floppy, or Zip, the file name is put in a directory before the data is written. On completion, the directory is updated with the location of the data. This happens behind the scenes and the housekeeping is taken care of by the OS. If a file being stored has a name identical to a file already on the disk, the space occupied by the old file will be re-used for the new. This means that the old file data will be lost.An interesting side effect... If the new file is smaller than the file it's replacing, some of the original file's data can remain in the unused space following the new data. For CIA levels of security, one must take steps to remove these remnants. Users determine the contents of disks by consulting the directory. Microsoft has added some additional functionality to directories in Windows, and has given them a new name 'FOLDERS' partially to reflect their new abilities. Old timers like me still prefer the old 'DIRECTORY' name. What protects data is each file's unique name. Since each desktop item has a different name, it will be stored in a different file. Windows commonly informs users when they are about to overwrite a file. Since users can choose to disable this feature, I'm reluctant to rely on it with machines other than my own. Cheers, PW.