To: Mitch Blevins who wrote (599 ) 5/13/2001 2:55:27 PM From: gao seng Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 1112 I have postulated on this thread that I believe there are 3 fundmanetal forces of human behavior that underlie man's ability to survive. Philosophy science and religion. Science is advancing so rapidly right now that to say that any one philosophy or religion (yes Darwinism is a religion because it is an alternative to true religion) can not be shown to be right or wrong. We just have to wait and see. Personally I have no doubt as to the outcome. Not only has the speed of light been broken, individual photons have been isolated - caught in time. The biggest advancement in mathematics came as a result of philosophy and the Hindu concept of the negative number. With mathematics, a merger of science and philosophy arose to split in two factions - pure mathematics and theories of measurement, or physics and biology. And mathmativs in return contributes to philosophy, or observations. The scientific method is what allows biological research to go forward. The most fascinating reserch is coming from RNA with theories of DNA less creatures and the effects on these creatures from ultraviolet light and other radioactive forces. Religion is important because that is how we learn. It is wisdom. I don't know that all red berries are poisonous, but some of them are so I avoid red berries and generally speaking all things red. But we are determining a better way to know what is poison and what is good. And from my point of view, I see the Hand of God in creating every thing. Finally, before I make myself obscure for a few weeks, after your expressed phobia of big numbers, I find it ironic that you are so firm in your conviction there was no Big Bang. Our measurement would break down at this point: the Planck time, at 10-43 seconds, the smallest division of time theoretically accessible. We simply cannot ask what happened before 10-43 seconds of the universe have elapsed – for us, t = 10-43s is the beginning. The energy density of the universe is so high beforehand that it “breaks” our current theories of space-time. It is meaningless to talk of improbabilities in circumstances of complete ignorance like these. John Polkinghorne criticizes such reasoning in his book Science and Creation: And as to Hoyle, the anthropotic argument is important because he said that since humans are carbon based, the universe must be a carbon maufacturing universe. And he was right. The appropriate rebuttal is that his prediction seems less mysterious now. And on big numbers, the odds are 10^9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999 etc. that there is not a perfect number that is odd. I believe there isn't, but using your logic, you believe there is! And as Lincoln said, saying a tail is a leg does not mean a dog has 5 legs.