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To: E. Charters who wrote (70513)	5/28/2001 12:08:18 AM
From: d:oug	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 116762

off topic - Blacksmith discovered why frogs drive Hawaii residents batty. sciam.com - Scientific American's website The Mystery of Damascus Blades by John D. Verhoeven Centuries ago craftsmen forged peerless steel blades. But how did they do it? The author and a blacksmith have found an answer. Frogs Driving Hawaii Residents..... Information Technology, 2500 B.C. ... first developed the written word some five millennia back. sciam.com ... drama's stage is Mesopotamia ... Euphrates to the west, the Tigris to the east ... flanking Zagros Mountains southward ... shores of the Persian Gulf ... lively and unique, Uruk was a southern lowlands city ... vital water from the Euphrates ... of large temples to the gods ... dwelt the priests who tended to divine and human needs ... where worked the scribes whose accounts..... Such ancient cities are marked by three essentials: a wall, public buildings and a flow of worldly surplus, largely agrarian products but with bronze and silver, too, enabling steady growth and widespread trade. Uruk (Erech, it is called in Genesis) had for two millennia been only one among hundreds of similar farming and pastoral villages in this land of Sumer. From their images we know the Sumerians as a robust, stocky, black-haired people and from their written word as ones with a language all their own. Sumer was followed by later peoples with distinct languages, who nonetheless became for nearly three millennia cultural heirs to Sumer. As power shifted far up the Tigris... while newcomers densely peopled the larger surrounding area. These were speakers of Semitic tongues, first Babylonian, then Assyrian, and up to a dozen more, including scriptural Hebrew and Aramaic, all written in the Sumerian way.....

To: E. Charters who wrote (70513)	5/28/2001 12:29:09 AM
From: Nadine Carroll	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 116762

If you have all your information from the Discovery Channel Twilight of the Gods shows, that would explain some of your confusion. Tyre and Sidon were Phoenician cities in modern Lebanon; Philistia was in modern Gaza. The Phoenicians and the Carthaginians their descendants, are a different people from the Philistines. Hebrew is not Semitic because of its alphabet; it is Semitic because it has a Semitic vocabulary and morphology. It closely related to other Semitic languages like Aramaic and Arabic, and not at all similar to Indo-European languages like Greek, Latin, Sanskrit or Hittite. Nobody had steel five thousand years ago as far as we know; when they found the 5000 thousand year old Iceman in a glacier they learned that Europeans had copper axes in 3000 bc but not yet bronze.