To: ZenWarrior who wrote (149241 ) 5/29/2001 12:37:56 AM From: Neocon Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 769670 From 1868 onward Hiroshima was a military centre, and on Aug. 6, 1945, it became the first city in the world to be struck by an atomic bomb, which was dropped by a B-29 bomber of the U.S. Air Forces. Most of the city was destroyed, and estimates of the number killed outright or shortly after the blast have ranged upward from 70,000. Deaths from radiation injury have mounted through the years. britannica.com The first atomic bombs were built in the United States during World War II under a program called the Manhattan Project (q.v.). One bomb, using plutonium, was successfully tested on July 16, 1945, at a site 193 km (120 miles) south of Albuquerque, N.M. (see photograph). The first atomic bomb to be used in warfare used uranium. It was dropped by the United States on Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, 1945. The explosion, which had the force of more than 15,000 tons of TNT, instantly and completely devastated 10 square km (4 square miles) of the heart of this city of 343,000 inhabitants. Of this number, 66,000 were killed immediately and 69,000 were injured; more than 67 percent of the city's structures were destroyed or damaged. The next atomic bomb to be exploded was of the plutonium type; it was dropped on Nagasaki on Aug. 9, 1945, producing a blast equal to 21,000 tons of TNT. The terrain and smaller size of Nagasaki reduced destruction of life and property, but 39,000 persons were killed and 25,000 injured; about 40 percent of the city's structures were destroyed or seriously damaged. The Japanese initiated surrender negotiations the next. britannica.com While in Potsdam Truman received word of the successful test of an atomic bomb at Los Alamos, New Mexico, and it was from Potsdam that Truman sent an ultimatum to Japan to surrender or face "utter devastation." When Japan did not surrender and his advisers estimated that up to 500,000 Americans might be killed in an invasion of Japan, Truman authorized the dropping of atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki (August 9), killing more than 100,000 men, women, and children. This remains perhaps the most controversial decision ever taken by a U.S. president, one which scholars continue to debate today. Japan surrendered August 14, the Pacific war ending officially on September 2, 1945. britannica.com The assumption was that there would be even more Japanese killed in the course of the invasion, including civilians, and therefore that more lives would be saved, not only American, but Japanese, and not only military, but civilian, due to the atomic bombs. Also, anyone who thinks that Stalin needed a pretext to behave undemocratically in the territories under his control does not have a grasp of his regime......