To: Zardoz who wrote (72873 ) 7/6/2001 12:04:23 PM From: long-gone Respond to of 116785 Anthrax Kills 19 Bison In Canada National Park Hanneke Brooymans Edmonton Journal - Staff Writeredmontonjournal.com 7-6-1 Anthrax is stalking the bison of Wood Buffalo National Park for the second year in a row. Helicopter surveys have so far turned up 19 carcasses of bison that succumbed to the anthrax bacteria, said Mike Keizer, the park's client and heritage services manager. Tests performed on samples from four of the massive animals came back positive Wednesday afternoon. Last year, outbreaks in three separate areas of the park killed 130 of the threatened species from the herd. "I'm hoping, as we all are, that this will be a small outbreak," Keizer said. Aside from last year, outbreaks occurred in 1991, 1987, in the late 1970s and regularly in the 1960s. Biologists aren't quite sure why epidemics are triggered only in certain years, Keizer said. One theory is periods of heavy rainfall swell the spores, lift them up from the soil and carry them to low-lying areas. If this is followed by hot, dry weather the bison wallow and roll in the low-lying areas to cool off and discourage pesky insects. This stirs up the spores, which they breathe in. Within a day of contracting the disease a bison can be found standing splay-legged and listless. "You could almost land a helicopter beside it and it wouldn't run away," Keizer said. In less than three days, the animal is dead. In the 1970s, biologists tried to inoculate the animals with an anthrax vaccine, said Hal Reynolds, a Canadian Wildlife Service biologist and a member of the Wood Bison Recovery program. But the vaccine is only effective for six months and the peak period for anthrax epidemics is July and August. When vaccinations were attempted in the spring, the result was calves separated from cows and a lot of stressed-out animals, said Reynolds. It seemed better to risk an outbreak. "There's really nothing you can do to manage anthrax." - Wood Buffalo National Park, at almost 45,000 sq. km, is the size of Switzerland. - The park, which straddles the Alberta-Northwest Territories boundary, is home to about 3,000 wood buffalo, a threatened species. - The current anthrax outbreak is limited to a remote southeastern portion of the park. A travel ban will be set for that area. All other areas are open to the public, said Mike Keizer, park spokesman. - Anthrax can be contracted by people if it is ingested, inhaled or enters through a wound. sightings.com