To: Elmer who wrote (142212 ) 8/27/2001 2:17:09 PM From: Road Walker Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 186894 IBM Creates Single-Molecule Computer Circuit By Ed Sutherland, www.NewsFactor.com Following news of having built the world's most powerful supercomputer, IBM Corp. (NYSE: IBM - news) announced Sunday a breakthrough in shrinking computer circuitry to a microscopic level. The achievement is one more step on the path toward breaking the limitations imposed by silicon chips. IBM scientists say they have constructed a miniature computer circuit using a single carbon molecule. The structure uses a nanotube, a building block of future computers 100,000 times smaller than a human hair yet stronger than steel and seen as the successor to today's silicon chip. IBM researchers revealed at a gathering in Chicago of the American Chemical Society that they had created the first nanoscale logic circuit able to switch positive signals to negative. The atom-sized gatekeeper controls the flow of ones and zeros that compose a computer's basic language. Both Positive and Negative Previously, researchers could only fabricate positive transistors. IBM scientists, however, have converted a portion of a positive transistor to negative, allowing for a one-molecule positive and negative circuit, company officials said. Officials at the Armonk, New York company said using nanotube circuits could extend the exponential growth of computer power. As stated by what is known as Moore's Law, that growth will hit a brick wall in 10 to 15 years as today's silicon technology won't allow for any more transistors to be added. "We're not trying to ring an alarm bell," Matt McMahon, an IBM researcher, told NewsFactor Network. Every decade, McMahon said, scientists feel they cannot shrink silicon chips further, but strides are still being made, lengthening the life span of silicon. Moore's Law Slowdown In 1965, Intel's (Nasdaq: INTC - news) Gordon Moore postulated that the number of electronic switches on a computer chip would double every 18 months. While products employing nanotubes are more than a decade away, Hewlett-Packard (NYSE: HWP - news) announced July 17th it expects to have a hybrid computer chip that combines today's silicon technology with future nanotubes ready by 2005. In April, IBM announced it had constructed the first computer array from nanotubes, devising a way to mass-produce the structures first discovered in 1991 by NEC. Complex Next Step McMahon told NewsFactor that the next step is to link the simple logic circuits, creating a more complex nanotube structure. A supercomputer dubbed "Blue Gene," to be used partly for nanotechnology research, was announced August 22nd by IBM. In an agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy (news - web sites), the supercomputer capable of 1,000 trillion calculations per second will also help Oak Ridge Laboratory scientists investigate human disease through protein research. A week earlier, IBM unveiled ASCI White, a supercomputer housed at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California to help ensure the safety of the government's aging nuclear stockpile. Compared to Blue Gene, the US$110 million ASCI White dawdled along at 12 trillion calculations per second. Although the future of computing may rest in the hands of nanotechnology, in June IBM announced its fastest transistor. The chip will see its first use as part of high-speed optical networks by 2003, according to the company.