To: TobagoJack who wrote (8531 ) 9/8/2001 8:24:04 AM From: elmatador Respond to of 74559 Have you heard that a camel is a horse designed by a committee? UMTS/3G is a horse designed by a committee. The decision to adopt both W-CDMA and TD-CDMA as the standard for UTRA--UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access--was mostly political, although there is some technical rationale The main stumbling block was patents. ETSI Special Mobile Group calculated that there are around 1500 "essential patents" relating to W-CDMA. Of these, only 150 or so are owned by European companies, with 750 owned in Japan, and the rest in North America. On the other hand, time-division CDMA (TD-CDMA), was promoted by the UMTS Alliance comprising Alcatel, Bosch, Italtel, Motorola, Nortel, Siemens, and Sony. It involves 150 essential patents, spread roughly 50, 50, 50 between Europe, Japan, and North America. Eventually the Japanese--really NTT--agreed to the formation of a "patent pool," and to sign up to the ETSI rule that has worked so well for GSM that all essential patents should be made available to all involved in UMTS "on a fair and nondiscriminatory basis." That done, the consensus was unanimous for a compromise using both technologies. Although this looks like a European-Japanese "club," some care has been taken to ensure that North America isn't excluded. For example, they are very keen that Qualcomm (a member of ETSI) is on board--basically, they are interested in some CDMA power control technology that makes Qualcomm sought after as a partner in the whole thing. Next, there is a clearly stated requirement that the new air interface standards are formulated so that they can be used where spectrum is limited to 2 X 5 MHz. This was included at the specific request of the U.S.-based participants. I think that all this above is not the essential. Jay, I always use a special tactic. It is called the 'bikini tactic'. The tactic is named bikini because like the beach indumentary, it shows all but hides the essential. The essential only at appropriate times and to the right eyes should be disclosed.