To: Fast Eddie who wrote (6738 ) 10/9/2001 12:50:02 PM From: joseph krinsky Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 27666 Psychological warfare underway in Afghanistan 17:02 09 November 01 Emma Young Psychological operations are likely to play a key role in the war in Afghanistan and, although few details are being revealed, US defense secretary Donald Rumsfield has confirmed that "PsyOps" have begun. PsyOps has two main purposes: to persuade the enemy to surrender, and to convince local civilians that the attackers are not the real enemy. Leaflet drops and radio propaganda broadcasts are the chief weapons. Six EC-130E "Commando Solo" aircraft are known to be in the Afghanistan region. These planes operate as airborne radio stations, blocking local transmissions and broadcasting replacement propaganda programmes. On Monday, a White House spokesman confirmed that the US is broadcasting messages to the Afghan people "so they can have full knowledge about what is happening in Afghanistan from a source other than a repressive Taliban regime". There are also reports that leaflets were dropped with the first wave of bombs on Sunday night. William Nash of the Council on Foreign Relations told the newspaper USA Today: "The information campaign is very important, both strategically and with respect to Afghanistan. We need to talk directly to the Afghan people." Raining radios The 4th Psychological Operations Group (Airborne) based at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, is the only active US Army psychological operations unit. Although Fort Bragg will not confirm that members of the unit are in the Afghanistan region, it is highly likely that the group will be coordinating PsyOps activities. Analysts suggest that leaflets and broadcasts in Afghanistan are likely to focus on Islam's teaching of non-violence and peace. Only one third of people in Afghanistan are thought to be literate, so portable radios tuned to the US military propaganda frequency may also be dropped. PsyOps have been extremely successful in the past. During the Gulf War, warnings about B-52 bomber attacks were issued to Iraqi troops on the ground. Leaflets promising humane treatment if they surrendered were then dropped. Most of the soldiers who later surrendered were carrying the leaflets, army officials said at the time. More famously, after General Manuel Noriega took refuge from US troops in the Vatican embassy in Panama City in 1989, blaring rock music was used successfully as a psychological weapon to drive him out. 17:02 09 November 01 newscientist.com