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To: Richnorth who wrote (78713)	10/21/2001 11:49:36 PM
From: long-gone	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 116856

As with so many who have gotten tied up in matters of P.C. you just missed the bigger point. There are even more cases where those that first named the animals of the world were nowhere near the P.C. level of today, but to go rename relabel & rewrite every book & every reference is beyond pointless into insane.

To: Richnorth who wrote (78713)	10/22/2001 9:25:51 AM
From: E. Charters	Respond to of 116856

Its name, Xenopsylla Cheopis, suggests it got to Europe through Egypt. Read "Rats, Lice and History" by Zinsser for a definitive story. The Common Cockroach is found worldwide but it known as the Oriental Cockroach. There is also a German Cockroach which has a Swastika on its back. Small Pox would not have a widespread effect in North America as many people are immune by heredity and most are vaccinated, which although probably not very effective by now would help to a degree. It would however devastate the Native Americans Aboriginals most of whom have no lasting defense. Oriental Rat Flea --> 1.Taxonomic classification Phylum Arthropoda Class Insecta Order Siphonaptera Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental or tropical rat flea) 2.Definitive host spectrum Rats, also humans 3.Geographic distribution Wherever rats live worldwide. In U.S., as far north as the Northern tier of states 4.Morphology 1.5-4 mm; Combs absent, head smoothly rounded (similar to Pulex spp.) 5.Life cycle (stages) Female oviposits on host, eggs drop off Larvae hatch within 2 to 21 days, molt three times over 9 to 15 days, Pupate for a minimum of one weeks, adults emerge and jump onto host Adults can survive up to 38 days withoug food if there is enough humidity Frequently leave host 6.Sites of infection Skin 7.Pathogenesis Annoyance Vector of Yersinia pestis (bubonic plague) and murine typhus ( Rickettsia typhi ) A flea that bites a host infected with Y. pestis will become infected itself when bacteria divides and fills the proventriculus. The starving flea then goes from host to host trying to gain nutrition until it starves to death. It will leave a dead rat to find other live hosts, including humans or pets if no rats available. Other flea species which infest humans or animals which have Y. pestis infections can also vector the disease. 8.Diagnosis Identification of flea Diagnosis of Y. pestis or R. typhi 9.Treatment Flea control 10.Public health significance Great *******************88