John please link this to RBull as something is wrong there today: LOL
DNA is small: GMED is BIG not small in this FIELD: Some OTHER patent w 33 Claims at the end:
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Nanotechnology
By BC Crandall
"In clear and compelling language, Nanotechnology describes the ideas and techniques that are creating a new domain of science and technology." - Edward O. Wilson, Pellegrino University Professor, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University
"BC Crandall's Nanotechnology is both shocking and authoritative - a feast for those who truly enjoy a glimpse of the future!" - Greg Bear, author of Blood Music and Queen of Angels Technology is becoming molecularly precise. Nanotechnology, otherwise known as molecular engineering, will soon create effective machines as small as DNA. This capacity to manipulate matter - to program matter - with atomic precision will utterly change the economic, ecological, and cultural fabric of our lives. This book, which is accessible to a broad audience while providing references to the technical literature, presents a wide range of potential applications of this new material technology. The first chapter introduces the basic concepts of molecular engineering and demonstrates that several mutually reinforcing trends in current research are leading directly into a world of surprisingly powerful molecular machines. Nine original essays on specific applications follow the introductory chapter. The first section presents applications of nanotechnology that interact directly with the molecular systems of the human body. The second presents applications that function, for the most part, outside the body. The final section details the mechanisms of a universal human-machine interface and the operation of an extremely high resolution display system.
[ Buy Book Now ]
Frontiers of Nano-Optoelectronic Systems (Nato Science Series II: Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry, Volume 6)
By Lorenzo Pavesi & Eugenia Buzaneva
The book provides a snapshot of the state of the art and points out directions for future research in such different subjects as photonic band gap crystals, semiconductor quantum dot and wire lasers, silicon optoelectronics, carbon-based nanostructure physics, polymer based nano-composite and quantum wires, DNA nano-technology and silicon bio-compatibility, nano-scale optical characterisation, spray and cluster deposition, self assembly, imprint technology, quantum computing and quantum dot-based computation.
nanotechnews.com
Chucka think about the ABOVE and THE BELOW:
earching PGPUB Production Database...
Results of Search in PGPUB Production Database for:
"nano ": 292 applications.
Hits 51 through 100 out of 292
PUB. APP. NO. Title
51 20010055811 IR MALDI MASS SPECTROMETRY OF NUCLEIC ACIDS USING LIQUID MATRICES
52 20010055758 REAGENTS AND METHODS USEFUL FOR DETECTING DISEASES OF THE PROSTATE
53 20010055671 Weatherable multilayer articles and method for their preparation
54 20010055529 Device and process for matter transport of small quantities of matter
55 20010055435 Opto-acoustic generator of ultrasound waves from laser energy supplied via optical fiber
56 20010055287 Communication system and device under OFDM system
57 20010055242 Continuous laminar fluid mixing in micro-electromechanical systems
58 20010055201 Circuit configuration having at least one nanoelectronic component and method for fabricating the component
59 20010055113 Spectral analysis system with moving objective lens
60 20010054709 Chemically synthesized and assembled electronic devices
61 20010054686 Detector and method for cluster ion beam diagnostics
62 20010054604 Method and apparatus for fabricating phase-change recording medium
63 20010054549 Continuous process and apparatus for preparing inorganic materials employing microwave
64 20010054328 Method of producing nanophase Cu-Al2O3 composite power
65 20010054171 Method of designing a semiconductor circuit and a semiconductor circuit designed using the method
66 20010053597 Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices
67 20010053522 DNA chip and reactive electrode
appft1.uspto.gov
Last ONE hummne:
ChuckaHoHum.
33 Claims:
United States Patent Application 20010053522
Kind Code A1
Makino, Yoshihiko ; et al. December 20, 2001
DNA chip and reactive electrode
Abstract
A nucleic acid detective means composed of an electrode and plural peptide nucleic acids which are fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding is favorably employed for electrochemically detecting complementary DNA fragments The covalent bonding between the electrode and the peptide nucleic acids are favorably produced by the reaction between a reactive hydrogen-containing group attached to the peptide nucleic acid and a vinylsulfonyl group or a reactive precursor thereof attached to the electrode. Inventors: Makino, Yoshihiko; (Saitama, JP) ; Abe, Yoshihiko; (Saitama, JP) ; Ogawa, Masashi; (Tokyo, JP)
Correspondence Name and Address: Jules GoldbergJules E. Goldberg, Esq.REED SMITH LLP375 Park AvenueNew YorkNY10152US
Assignee Name and Adress: Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd.
Serial No.: 845403
Series Code: 09
Filed: April 30, 2001
U.S. Current Class: 435/6; 438/1
Intern'l Class: C12Q 001/68
Foreign Application Data
Date Code Application Number
Apr 28, 2000 JP 2000-130090
Claims
What is claimed is:
1. A nucleic acid detective means comprising an electrode and a plurality of peptide nucleic acids which are fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding.
2. The detective means of claim 1, wherein the covalent bonding between the electrode and the peptide nucleic acids are produced by the reaction between a reactive hydrogen-containing group attached to the peptide nucleic acid and a vinylsulfonyl group or a reactive precursor thereof attached to the electrode.
3. The detective means of claim 2, wherein the vinylsulfonyl group or reactive precursor thereof is represented by the following formula: -L-S--X in which L represents a linking group, and X represents a group of --CR.sup.1.dbd.CR.sup.2R.sup.3 or --CHR.sup.1--CR.sup.2R.sup.3Y wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents a halogen atom, --SO.sub.2R.sup.11, --OCOR.sup.12, --OSO.sub.3M, or a quaternary pyridinium group; R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group.
4. The detective means of claim 3, wherein X is a vinyl group having the formula of --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
5. The detective means of claim 3, wherein L contains a linking atom represented by --NH--, --S--, or --O--.
6. The detective means of claim 3, wherein L is a linking group represented by -(L.sup.1).sub.n--NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, in which L.sup.1 is a linking group and n is 0 or 1.
7. The detective means of claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises gold.
8. The detective means of claim 1, wherein the covalent bonding between the electrode and the peptide nucleic acids are produced by the reaction between a reactive hydrogen-containing group attached to the electrode and a vinylsulfonyl group or a reactive precursor thereof attached to the peptide nucleic acid.
9. A method for detecting a complementary nucleic acid sample which comprises the steps of: bringing a nucleic acid sample into contact with a detective means which comprises an electrode and a plurality of peptide nucleic acids fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding in an aqueous medium in the presence of a threading intercalator having an electroconductive moiety to produce a hybrid of the peptide nucleic acid and nucleic acid sample in which the intercalator is intercalated; applying an electric potential to the electrode of the detective means; and measuring an electric current flowing between the electrode of the detective means and a separately placed counter electrode through the electroconductive moiety of the intercalator.
10. A method for detecting a complementary nucleic acid sample which comprises the steps of: bringing a nucleic acid sample into contact with a detective means which comprises an electrode and a plurality of peptide nucleic acids fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding in an aqueous medium in the presence of a cationic compound having an electroconductive moiety to produce a hybrid of the peptide nucleic acid and nucleic acid sample to which the cationic compound is attached; applying an electric potential to the electrode of the detective means; and measuring an electric current flowing between the electrode of the detective means and a separately placed counter electrode through the electroconductive moiety of the cationic compound.
11. A nucleic acid detective means comprising an electrode, a plurality of peptide nucleic acids which are fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding, and a plurality of spacer groups which are fixed onto the electrode under the condition that the spacers are placed between the peptide nucleic acids.
12. The detective means of claim 11, wherein the covalent bonding between the electrode and the peptide nucleic acids are produced by the reaction between a reactive hydrogen-containing group attached to the peptide nucleic acid and a vinylsulfonyl group or a reactive precursor thereof attached to the electrode.
13. The detective means of claim 12, wherein the vinylsulfonyl group or reactive precursor thereof is represented by the following formula: -L-SO.sub.2--X in which L represents a linking group, and X represents a group of --CR.sup.1.dbd.CR.sup.2R.sup.3 or --CHR.sup.1--CR.sup.2R.sup.3Y wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents a halogen atom, --SO.sub.2R.sup.11, --OCOR.sup.12, --OSO.sub.3M, or a quaternary pyridinium group; R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group.
14. The detective means of claim 13, wherein X is a vinyl group having the formula of --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
15. The detective means of claim 11, wherein the spacer group has no electric charge.
16. The detective means of claim 11, wherein the spacer group has a lipophilic moiety at a free terminal thereof.
17. The detective means of claim 11, wherein the peptide nucleic acids and the spacer groups are fixed onto the electrode at a molar ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:200.
18. A method for detecting a complementary nucleic acid sample which comprises the steps of: bringing a nucleic acid sample into contact with a detective means which comprises an electrode, a plurality of peptide nucleic acids which are fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding, and a plurality of spacer groups which are fixed onto the electrode under the condition that the spacers are placed between the peptide nucleic acids in an aqueous medium in the presence of a threading intercalator having an electroconductive moiety to produce a hybrid of the peptide nucleic acid and nucleic acid sample in which the intercalator is intercalated; applying an electric potential to the electrode of the detective means; and measuring an electric current flowing between the electrode of the detective means and a separately placed counter electrode through the electroconductive moiety of the intercalator.
19. A method for detecting a complementary nucleic acid sample which comprises the steps of: bringing a nucleic acid sample into contact with a detective means which comprises an electrode, a plurality of peptide nucleic acids which are fixed onto the electrode via covalent bonding, and a plurality of spacer groups which are fixed onto the electrode under the condition that the spacers are placed between the peptide nucleic acids in an aqueous medium in the presence of a cationic compound having an electroconductive moiety to produce a hybrid of the peptide nucleic acid and nucleic acid sample to which the cationic compound is attached; applying an electric potential to the electrode of the detective means; and measuring an electric current flowing between the electrode of the detective means and a separately placed counter electrode through the electroconductive moiety of the cationic compound.
20. A reactive electrode comprising an electrode and a plurality of vinylsulfonyl groups or reactive precursors thereof attached to the electrode.
21. The reactive electrode of claim 20, wherein the vinylsulfonyl group or reactive precursor thereof is represented by the following formula: -L-SO.sub.2--X in which L represents a linking group, and X represents a group of --CR.sup.1.dbd.CR.sup.2R.sup.3 or --CHR.sup.1CR.sup.2R.sup.3Y wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents a halogen atom, --SO.sub.2R.sup.11, --OCOR.sup.12, --OSO.sub.3M, or a quaternary pyridinium group; R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group hang 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group.
22. The reactive electrode of claim 21, wherein X is a vinyl group having the formula of --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
23. The reactive electrode of claim 21, wherein L contains a linking atom represented by --NH--, --S--, or --O--.
24. The reactive electrode of claim 21, wherein L is a linking group represented by -(L.sup.1)-NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2--, in which L.sup.1 is a linking group and n is 0 or 1.
25. The reactive electrode of claim 20, wherein the electrode comprises gold.
26. A reactive electrode comprising an electrode, a plurality of vinylsulfonyl groups or reactive precursors thereof attached to the electrode, and a plurality of inert spacer groups which are fixed onto the electrode under the condition that the spacers are placed between the vinylsulfonyl groups or reactive precursors.
27. The reactive electrode of claim 26, wherein the vinylsulfonyl group or reactive precursor thereof is represented by the following formula: L-SO.sub.2--X in which L represents a linking group, and X represents a group of --CR.sup.1.dbd.CR.sup.2R.sup.3 or --CHR.sup.1--CR.sup.2R.sup.3Y wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents a halogen atom, --SO.sub.2R.sup.11, --OCOR.sup.12, --OSO.sub.3M, or a quaternary pyridinium group; R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group.
28. The reactive electrode of claim 27, wherein X is a vinyl group having the formula of --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
29. The reactive electrode of claim 26, wherein the spacer group has no electric charge.
30. The reactive electrode of claim 26, wherein the spacer group has a lipophilic moiety at a free terminal thereof.
31. The reactive electrode of claim 26, wherein the peptide nucleic acids and the spacer groups are fixed onto the electrode at a molar ratio in the range of 1:1 to 1:200.
32. The reactive electrode of claim 26, wherein the electrode comprises gold.
33. A method of producing a reactive electrode which comprises bringing an electrode having reactive groups on surface thereof into contact with disulfone compounds having the following formula: X.sup.1--SO.sub.2-L.sup- .2-SO.sub.2--X in which L.sup.2 represents a linking group, and each of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 represents a group of --CR.sup.1.dbd.CR.sup.2R.sup.3 or --CHR.sup.1--CR.sup.2R.sup.3Y wherein each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; Y represents a halogen atom, --SO.sub.2R.sup.11, --OCOR.sup.12, --OSO.sub.3M, or a quaternary pyridinium group; R.sup.11 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 7 to 26 carbon atoms in which its alkyl group has 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.12 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and M is a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, or an ammonium group.
Description
..//..""
appft1.uspto.gov;
Chucka a few patents in my ONE WORD "NANO" search I thought of GMED here LOLaught!
Chuca SI is not broken YES! |
