To: russet who wrote (8504 ) 1/25/2002 2:54:56 AM From: axial Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 14101 Hi, Russet - There has been extensive discussion of the points you bring up; from what I've read, you are both right and wrong. Patients have to be educated about the necessity of properly cleaning the application site, not using perfume, or scented soaps, etc. But that is not a huge problem. Long-term usage is not quite the problem you make it; first, many patients will obtain considerable relief from one or two applications per day. Second, according to what I've read, using Pennsaid does not necessarily require re-application to exactly the same spot each time. In saying that, I'm not denying the possibility of adverse effects of long-term application; what I'm trying to point out is that DMSO has a long history of extended use, but does not have an extensive history of adverse effects. If you want some information on the cellular microtubule transport system, I've got some, though this is far, far from my area of expertise. I think when you get down to the specifics of the mechanism, you're going to have to join a few of the dots yourself: I have searched extensively for literature on the subject. Such papers as I could find came only from pay sites: given that the microtubule transport system is well-known, and given that the evidence overwhelmingly supports the conclusion that such a mechanism is at work, I didn't feel the need to pay for more data. (Disclaimer: This is the research of a hairy-assed carpenter. I make no claim that what is sufficient to me will satisfy anyone else.) The transport occurs on the outside of the microtubule; the two "motors" of transport are kinesin and dynein.bio.winona.msus.edu stolaf.edu What I've have read is that inter- and intra-cellular transport by microtubules (I think of it as a "bucket brigade") is a well-known phenomenon. So I think DMSO is a mechanism that presents the NSAID to the cell membrane, where, either actively...hschickor.de ...or passively...hschickor.de ...(I don't know which), it passes through the cell membrane. The speed of the transactions suggests to me that it is active penetration of the membrane, but I don't claim to know. There is additional info on cell membrane transport mechanisms here...(hypertext site)esg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/cbdir.htmlesg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/membranes/transport.htmlesg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/membranes/transport.html#diffusionesg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/membranes/transport.html#facdiffusionesg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/membranes/transport.html#activeesg-www.mit.edu :8001/esgbio/cb/membranes/transport.html#glucose ...and finally, a road map for the biologically challenged >g<...blc.arizona.edu I have some other links; I'm afraid I haven't made a very good presentation. This stuff is a reach, for me. My primary purpose was to confirm the reality of "microtubule transport" and to satisfy myself that the mechanism could indeed be described as a "platform". I appreciate your contrarian comments; I don't believe in threads where opposing views and questions are not tolerated. Nonetheless, though I can't provide you with the links at this time, I believe the figures and estimates of usage have already anticipated the difficulties to which you refer. That is, the percentages of market penetration include those who may, after a time, have to discontinue use because of site irritation. I have discovered no evidence of allergic reactions, but again, my research is hardly scientific: best to say if there have been allergic reactions, they are not widely discussed. I have seen no such references. There is no doubt that the phenomena to which you refer, exist. My personal belief is that you are overestimating the negative consequences, but that's just my opinion. Best regards, Jim