To: Maurice Winn who wrote (14419 ) 2/5/2002 7:40:35 AM From: smolejv@gmx.net Respond to of 74559 >>This brain stuff is exactly on topic DJ. It's what makes the market. << Duh. Next comes "no-brand Prozac copycats reponsible for market collapse. Ecstasy as a fall-back measure?". Snap out of it, Mq. Here's something fresh on addiction - Sex, Drugs, Rock&Roll and QCOM (AG? - no, that one is tough) as possible targets. Just want help some of the readers kick the habit (*). dj ---------- *: will not mention any names, to avoid getting Mq p*d. ----------------------Phenotype Offers New Perception on Cocaine - Researchers say glutamate is more essential to addiction than dopamine In cocaine research, dopamine and glutamate make a brilliant star and supporting player, respectively. One takes center stage, the anointed crowd-pleaser; the other, though a leading actor in other productions, is so overshadowed that admiration of its performance is relegated to an acquired taste. A quick PubMed search recently disclosed their perceived importance; 3,628 abstracts on cocaine and dopamine, 178 for cocaine and glutamate. ....[he] began the self-administration experiments by first training knockout and wild type mice to press a lever in order to get food. Both groups learned lever pressing equally well. Then he substituted intravenous cocaine for food and watched what happened. Wild type mice responded enthusiastically to the new menu, and would press for cocaine a dozen or more times an hour. mGluR5 mutants ignored cocaine at every dose; within a few sessions they would learn levers no longer produced food and stop pressing. ... Conquet does not know if mGluR5 plays a role with ethanol and nicotine addiction. Self-administration experiments have not been done. Partly he hasn't had time, since he's busy starting Addex. Partly the mice haven't had time, since other drugs of abuse, especially alcohol, require longer training periods. Whether mGluR5 influences other so-called addictions, is a question left for the distant future. If Addex does find a good mGluR5 antagonist, therapeutic possibilities may extend well beyond helping snorters and crackheads stay clean. Glutamate may be implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders, according to Kalivas. mGluR5 inhibitors have been suggested as possible treatments for Alzheimer Disease, Parkinsonian akinesia, muscle rigidity, stroke, anxiety, and inflammatory pain. But as always, Kalivas reminds, once a good drug candidate is in hand, only running the clinical experiments will tell for sure. References 1. C. Chiamulera et al., "Reinforcing and locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine are absent in mGluR5 null mutant mice," Nature Neuroscience, 4:873-4, September 2001. 2. Z. Jia et al, "Gene targeting reveals a role for the glutamate receptors mGluR5 and GluR2 in learning and memory," Physiology and Behavior, 73:793-802, August 2001. 3. C.j. Swanson et al., "Repeated cocaine administration attenuates group I metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated glutamate release and behavioral activation:a potential role for Homer," journal of Neuroscience, 21:9043-52 Nov 15 2001