To: epsteinbd who wrote (12979 ) 3/27/2002 4:09:42 AM From: GUSTAVE JAEGER Respond to of 23908 Re: Please "average joe", do not mistake Europe for one of its individuals. Thank you indeed for not lumping me together with these sleazebags:France short-changed its foreign war heroes Barry James International Herald Tribune Wednesday, March 27, 2002 PARIS Doing some research in the National Archives, I came across a photograph taken near Marseilles in 1944 showing a column of German prisoners being herded to a POW camp and a column of French soldiers marching in the opposite direction. What made the photograph unusual is that all the German prisoners were white and all the French soldiers were black. As the picture showed, France depended on colonial African soldiers during the reconquest of its own territory in World War II. But it developed a singular view of history after the war that played down the contribution of foreign allies, minimized the degree of collaboration between the French and the Nazi occupiers and essentially said that the French carried out their own liberation without outside assistance. I thought about that picture when I read about Amadou Diop, a Senegalese who joined the French army in 1937, served for 22 years and rose to the rank of top sergeant. He may in fact have been one of the black soldiers in that old photograph. When France's colonial possessions gained independence, Charles de Gaulle ordered the pensions of France's colonial soldiers frozen. If the old soldiers died, their widows received nothing. Indignant that his pension had thereby shrunk to a tiny fraction of that paid to his French former comrades-in-arms, Diop sued the French government. The Council of State, the country's highest court, ruled in his favor. It said the pensions policy was discriminatory and violated the European Human Rights Convention. There are approximately 85,000 men in Diop's situation, and, if the government has to pay backdated full pensions to all of them, it is going to cost a great deal of money, nearly E2 billion ($2.27 billion) by some estimates. So the administration is studying a plan that would provide colonial servicemen with revalued pensions based on the cost of living in the countries in which the old soldiers reside - in other words, still less than what a French veteran gets in France. This seems likely to land the government before the courts again, but for the time being the question remains open and the old soldiers are getting older. The colonial veterans are not the only ones who appear to have been short-changed by history. I remember conversations with Pearl Cornioley, a courageous woman who spent the war living one jump ahead of the Gestapo as a resistance courier. Had she been French, she would have been memorialized. But she was British and worked for the British-led Special Operations Executive. Despite many acts of bravery, no member of the SOE was named to the French roll of resistance heroes. After the war, Cornioley and her wartime comrades with considerable difficulty erected a monument to the SOE members who fought and died in France. When former agents gathered at the monument to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the ending of the war, no French government representative was present. In view of France's selective memory, it came as a surprise to see a recent exhibition in the ornate Hotel de Ville of Paris called "The participation of foreigners in the combats for the liberation of France." These foreigners - Spaniards, Armenians, Central Europeans, Italians and people from scores of nations, including Germany itself - fought on French soil knowing that if they were captured the Nazis would shoot them as terrorists rather than spare their lives as prisoners of war. Most of the foreign resisters were and remain anonymous, and their contribution was quickly forgotten. Most of the foreigners went home or became French citizens. Many, of course, were captured, deported and never came back from the death camps. Quite a few of these former resisters have been visiting the exhibition, eager to share their experiences.. The exhibition, which was organized by the National Resistance Museum at Champigny-sur-Marne, is perhaps an indication that France is at last prepared to take a more relaxed view of the gaps in its history and give credit where credit is due.iht.com