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Politics : Foreign Affairs Discussion Group -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: FaultLine who wrote (22404)	3/28/2002 12:55:51 PM
From: FaultLine	Respond to of 281500

U.N. Security Council Resolution 242 November 22, 1967 Following the June '67, Six-Day War, the situation in the Middle East was discussed by the UN General Assembly, which referred the issue to the Security Council. After lengthy discussion, a final draft for a Security Council resolution was presented by the British Ambassador, Lord Caradon, on November 22, 1967. It was adopted on the same day. This resolution, numbered 242, established provisions and principles which, it was hoped, would lead to a solution of the conflict. Resolution 242 was to become the cornerstone of Middle East diplomatic efforts in the coming decades. See also: Statements Clarifying the Meaning of U.N. Security Council Resolution 242 mfa.gov.il The Security Council, Expressing its continuing concern with the grave situation in the Middle East, Emphasizing the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security, Emphasizing further that all Member States in their acceptance of the Charter of the United Nations have undertaken a commitment to act in accordance with Article 2 of the Charter, 1. Affirms that the fulfillment of Charter principles requires the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East which should include the application of both the following principles: * Withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict; * Termination of all claims or states of belligerency and respect for and acknowledgement of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of every State in the area and their right to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force; 2. Affirms further the necessity * For guaranteeing freedom of navigation through international waterways in the area; * For achieving a just settlement of the refugee problem; * For guaranteeing the territorial inviolability and political independence of every State in the area, through measures including the establishment of demilitarized zones; 3. Requests the Secretary General to designate a Special Representative to proceed to the Middle East to establish and maintain contacts with the States concerned in order to promote agreement and assist efforts to achieve a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution; 4. Requests the Secretary-General to report to the Security Council on the progress of the efforts of the Special

To: FaultLine who wrote (22404)	3/28/2002 1:01:48 PM
From: FaultLine	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 281500

Background material on General Assembly Resolution 194 (III) 11 December 1948 mideastweb.org Introduction Hostilities between Arabs and Jews began almost immediately following adoption of the UN Partition Plan ( mideastweb.org ). Until the departure of the British, fighting was conducted on the Arab side mostly by Palestinian irregulars and volunteers organized by the Arab League and Fawzi El-Kaukji. Jordan's Arab Legion participated in fighting at the Gush Etzion block, near Hebron. Almost unbelievably, active fighting, including massacres on both sides, in the middle of the city of Jerusalem and in broad daylight, took place under the eyes of the British Army, and the Army usually did nothing until after the fact. On May 15, 1948, when the British had departed, the Jordan Legion, Egyptian, Syrian and Iraqi armies entered the fight. At first, the Arab side had the upper hand, especially in the siege of Jerusalem and in the south, where the Egyptian army made considerable inroads. However, as the war progressed, and particularly after the first armistice in June 1948, the Jews succeeded in arming themselves and forming an army out of the Hagannah, Irgun and Lehi underground groups, and the advantage fell to the Jewish side. Even in early stages of the war, Arab Palestinians began abandoning villages and towns under attack. Arab flight increased as the war went on, owing partly to a massacre at Deir Yassin conducted by the Irgun and Lehi, and a few subsequent massacres at Al-Dawaima, Lydda and elsewhere conducted by the Hagganah, partly to a deliberate policy introduced by the Israeli government toward the end of the war, and owing partly to the example of Arab community leaders who fled, percipitating panic, and partly, at first, to encouragement by Arab leadership to leave Palestine for the duration of the war. By the end of 1948, there were hundreds of thousands of refugees outside the borders of Palestine. Resolution 194, presented below, was meant to deal with this problem as well as others, with a view to ending the war. The mediation mechanism proposed eventually resulted in an Armistice. Provisions regarding the refugees and economic aid for reconstruction were never implemented. The resolution concerning internationalization of Jerusalem, based on Resolution 181, had been a dead letter from the beginning. Earlier, the Arab side had refused to consent to it, now, neither side would.