To: Joe NYC who wrote (76027 ) 4/1/2002 2:16:50 PM From: Petz Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 275872 Intel's Hyperthreading implementation is almost certainly penalized by the method of sharing the trace cache between the two threads. From the Intel document, 2 for 1: Intel's Hyper-Threading Makes Xeon Processors do Double Duty ,...The L1, L2 and L3 chaces do not keep track of separate threads, they simply hopld data used by all threads. How this sharing is done has not been detailed by Intel, although surely some part of the caches are shared and some allocated... Why do that, especially with the tiny L1 D-cache? Anyway, HTh certainly increases the memory footprint of any software at the cache level, so even a perfect sharing scheme could slow down execution, compared to running each thread sequentially in time slices. Note that the above comment does not apply to the decoded instruction cache, a.k.a. Trace Cache, as can be seen by the following quote:The trace cache... uses a different scheme to track the two threads. Tags associated with the decoded instructions use a one-bit switch to identify the thread they belong to. This necessary step prevents all instructions from one thread being flushed from the cache when one thread branches to a new location in the code: only the instructions for that thread are thrown away. So, it appears that the trace cache is simply divided into two sections, one for thread A and one for thread B. That means each thread has to live with half the I-cache when running in HTh mode. The fact that MOST benchmarks run slower in HTh mode is probably due to the already-small trace cache being castrated even more by this rushed-to-market implementation. It surely would have helped if Intel had doubled the trace cache, but that would require a complete core redesign. Server benchmarks can run fast on these Xeons because each thread is probably running the same instrucions, just running them on a different dataset. The instruction memory footprint is low, so a tiny I-cache doesn't matter. PS, I lost the link for this paper and it's too long to fit on my printed copy. Petz