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To: AK2004 who wrote (144748)	4/11/2002 7:32:16 PM
From: Joe NYC	Read Replies (2) \| Respond to of 1575424

Albert, I found this on the Khazaria.com site: khazaria.com They don't come to the same conclusion: Conclusions The relative abundances of specific haplotypes within the Ashkenazi population included in Hammer's study appear to have significant differences from the reconstructed “ancestral Jewish population”. Figure 2a and Figure 2b depict a degree of paternal ancestry in ASH that is foreign to the "Med cluster". Figure 2b also suggests some similarity between Ashkenazi Jews and Turkish/European populations, while Figure 2c identifies a component in Ashkenazi Jews that is similar to Middle Eastern non-Jews. More research is needed to resolve these differences, with more detailed analyses of specific ethnic groups. In particular, further sub-division of the Ashkenazi population and the European population (with more precise definition of its Slavic, German and Greek components, as well as defining the extent of Scandinavian influence) is imperative. Separate analysis is also necessary to determine the genetic contribution of the various central Asian Turkic tribes which so strongly influenced European history. In spite of the tendency of prior studies to summarily dismiss the possibility, a single source for the "foreign" male genetic component in the Ashkenazi Jews in the Hammer study could be the medieval kingdom of Khazaria. Descendants of central Asian Turkic tribesmen, the people of Khazaria lived for centuries in close contact with Near Eastern Jews, Muslims, Byzantines and Slavs (and to a lesser degree, the Scandinavian Rus). Khazars converted to Judaism in the 8th or 9th century. When their kingdom was conquered by the Rus in the 960s, the Khazar population scattered. Some lines of historic and cultural evidence suggest that some of the Jewish Khazars migrated to Europe, where they would have been assimilated into the already extant communities of Ashkenazi Jews. Before any reliable conclusion may be made regarding the Khazar contribution to Ashkenazi Jewry, an ancestral Khazar haplotype assemblage must be determined. Only with this as a starting point can the differences between the Ashkenazi and the other Jewish populations made apparent by this analysis of the Hammer study be fully evaluated. Now that these differences have been demonstrated, the question of origin of Ashkenazi Jewry is far from closed. Joe

To: AK2004 who wrote (144748)	4/11/2002 8:30:27 PM
From: SilentZ	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 1575424

Albert- Ahh... dudesy, I forgot about that! Thanks for posting it! -Z >1. With the exception of Ethiopian Jews, all Jewish samples show a high genetic correlation. Male Jews of Russian and Polish ancestry have a Y-chromosome profile more like that of male Moroccan, Kurdish, and Iraqi Jews than like that of Russian and Polish non-Jews; male Jews of Yemenite ancestry are closer to Jews from Rome than to Muslims from Yemen. 2. Besides being closely related to each other, Jewish male populations correlate highly with Palestinian Arabs, Syrians, and Lebanese. 3. In descending order after these Middle Easterners, Ashkenazi Jews correlate best with Greeks and Turks; then with Italians; then with Spaniards; then with Germans; then with Austrians; and least of all with Russians. The Y chromosomes of non-Ashkenazi Jews correlate best with Egyptians and Tunisians. 4. When Lemba not having kohenite genes are averaged in, the Lemba-Jewish correlation decreases sharply. Even then, however, the Y-chromosome haplotypes of Lemba men are more like Jewish ones than like those of any other sub-Saharan Africans." also it is interesting to note that Ashkenazi genes correlates least of all with Russiams. It sorta kills Khazar theory at it it's roots since khazars are southern Ukranians that is Russian. Neh, Ted already made up his mind about wwii events as well as Khazar issue. -Albert <edited> "Our results indicated a relatively minor contribution of [originally non-Jewish] European Y chromosomes to the Ashkenazim.... If we assume 80 generations since the founding of the Ashkenazi population, then the rate of admixture would be <0.5 percent [less than half of one percent] per generation."