To: Thomas M. who wrote (15205 ) 6/9/2002 5:37:19 PM From: goldsnow Respond to of 23908 What a ridiculous simplification...dixienet.org World politics is entering a new phase, and intellectuals have not hesitated to proliferate visions of what it will be--the end of history, the return of traditional rivalries between nation states, and the decline of the nation state from the conflicting pulls of tribalism and globalism, among others. Each of these visions catches aspects of the emerging reality. Yet they all miss a crucial, indeed a central, aspect of what global politics is likely to be in the coming years. The fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural (emphasis added). According to Huntington the clash of civilizations is the latest phase in conflict's evolution. From the Peace of Westphalia until the French Revolution, Western conflicts arose largely among princes trying to expand power and territory. From the French Revolution until the end of World War I, nations fought rather than princes. From World War I until the Cold War's end came the wars of ideology with their transnational superpowers. As international conflict moves out of its Western phase, civilizations will face off, the West against the non-West and non-Western civilizations against each other. What interests us here is not Huntington's shifting the focus from West to non-West, but from ideological and political goals to cultural clashes. He defines a civilization as "the highest cultural grouping of people and [their] broadest level of cultural identity. . .short of that which distinguishes humans from other species." Both objective elements (language, history, religion, customs) and the people's subjective self-identification define civilizations.