To: Thomas M. who wrote (15206 ) 6/9/2002 5:46:58 PM From: goldsnow Respond to of 23908 At the risk of oversimplification, some historical observations emerge: -- While the West, especially America, has methodically separated church and state, there often is no such separation in the Muslim world. "The West sees separation of church and state as the separation of religion and politics," said Charles Amjad-Ali, a Pakistani-born professor at Luther Seminary in St. Paul, Minn. "In Islam, those are impossible to be brought into division." That leaves Americans unable to analyze critical world events, Amjad-Ali said last spring at a Muslim-Lutheran conference at his school. It also leaves the Muslim world unable to abide the secularism of the United States, according to Yale University professor Lamin Sanneh, who spoke last week at Augsburg College. America's government is not anti-Muslim, Sanneh said, but it is among the most secular, and for fundamentalists such as Osama bin Laden, that amounts to roughly the same thing. Individualism is the essence of America. In the communal emphasis of Islam, such individualism borders on amoral and unethical. -- As Holy Communion is a sacrament to a Christian, world events are the revelation of God to a Muslim, said Karen Armstrong, a religious scholar who wrote "Islam: A Short History" and "The Battle for God." To compound matters, the Islamic world has viewed the course of world events as a constant threat. The rapid rise of the West and the colonization of one Islamic country after another was considered an intrusion, a political catastrophe, and a sign of something gravely wrong in Islamic history, Armstrong wrote in "Islam." "Western people are often bewildered by the hostility and rage that Muslims often feel for (Western) culture, which, because of their very different experience, they have found to be liberating and empowering," she wrote. Many Muslims, on the other hand, have found that culture to be chaotic, painful and invasive. chron.com -- In recent decades, fundamentalism has arisen in every religion in the world, be it Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism or Hinduism.