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To: GROUND ZERO™ who wrote (1320)	6/19/2002 6:17:04 PM
From: Raymond Duray	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 1715

GZ, Re: Ad hominem is the act of appealing to people's emotions and beliefs rather than their ability to think.. To be blunt, you are wrong. nizkor.org Description of Ad Hominem Translated from Latin to English, "Ad Hominem" means "against the man" or "against the person." An Ad Hominem is a general category of fallacies in which a claim or argument is rejected on the basis of some irrelevant fact about the author of or the person presenting the claim or argument. Typically, this fallacy involves two steps. First, an attack against the character of person making the claim, her circumstances, or her actions is made (or the character, circumstances, or actions of the person reporting the claim). Second, this attack is taken to be evidence against the claim or argument the person in question is making (or presenting). This type of "argument" has the following form: Person A makes claim X. Person B makes an attack on person A. Therefore A's claim is false. The reason why an Ad Hominem (of any kind) is a fallacy is that the character, circumstances, or actions of a person do not (in most cases) have a bearing on the truth or falsity of the claim being made (or the quality of the argument being made). """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" sjsu.edu Introduction to Ad Hominem Fallacies One of the most common non-rational appeals is an argumentum ad hominem--or, as the Latin phrase suggests, an "argument against the person" (and not against the ideas he or she is presenting). Our decisions should be based on a rational evaluation of the arguments with which we are presented, not on an emotional reaction to the person or persons making that argument. But because we often react more strongly to personalities than to the sometimes abstract and complex arguments they are making, ad hominem appeals are often very effective with someone who is not thinking critically. """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" Appeals to "emotion" are their own category. nizkor.org sjsu.edu """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" This is getting silly. Unless you have something worthwhile to contribute, I'm afraid I won't be able to help you understand what you imply you are after, i.e. the truth. The reality of your meandering posts indicates the falsehood of this claim. Bye, Ray