To: Secret_Agent_Man who wrote (177865 ) 7/8/2002 12:41:29 AM From: Rarebird Respond to of 436258 <“If you would be a real seeker after truth, it is necessary that at least once in your life you doubt, as far as possible, all things.”> —Descartes I'm shocked to even hear Descartes mentioned in this context. Not that I don't agree with the gentleman's analysis. I certainly do. But honestly, what percent of Americans question what is really going on in the stock market? What percent of Americans even know how to question in general? Don't you think the average American already knew deep down about all this stock market fraud and corruption and is still quite complacent about it? Getting back to Descartes, in order to dispose of skepticism with regard to reason, and place math and science on a firm foundation in the process, Descartes believes he need only show that the skeptic’s attempt to overthrow reason is a failure. He does this by using metaphysical doubt as a means to prove Self as transcendental ego, God and Body. That is to say, metaphysical doubt becomes the method of achieving certainty. I can doubt everything like a good skeptic except the fact that I am doubting while I am doubting. Insofar as doubting is a form of thinking, I can never doubt that I am thinking while I am doubting. Therefore, "I think, therefore I exist." That is an absolute certainty and the overcoming of the skeptical position. The tuning of doubt is the positive acquiescence of certainty. Thus, certainty becomes the determining form of truth. The tuning of confidence to the absolute certainty of knowledge which is attainable at all times, is the beginning of modern philosophy. Americans doubt? ROFL