To: Emile Vidrine who wrote (1646 ) 8/26/2002 12:38:44 PM From: goldsnow Respond to of 3959 Much that was characteristic of medieval culture was rooted in the cultivation of the charms and challenges of contradictions -- of the "yes and no," as it was put by Peter Abelard, the provocative 12th-century Parisian intellectual and Christian theologian. A century after his death, Abelard's heirs, Christian professors and students on the Left Bank of the Seine, were among the most avid readers of the two great philosophers of Al Andalus: one Jewish, Maimonides, and one Muslim, Averroes.sephardiccafe.com For many who came to know Andalusian culture throughout the Middle Ages, whether at first hand or from afar -- from reading a translation produced there or from hearing a poem sung by one of its renowned singers -- the bright lights of that world, and their illumination of the rest of the universe, transcended differences of religion. It was in Al Andalus that the profoundly Arabized Jews rediscovered and reinvented Hebrew poetry. Much of what was created and instilled under Muslim rule survived in Christian territories, and Christians embraced nearly all aspects of Arabic style -- from philosophy to architecture. Christian palaces and churches, like Jewish synagogues, were often built in the style of the Muslims, the walls often covered with Arabic writing; one synagogue in Toledo even includes inscriptions from the Koran. And it was throughout medieval Europe that men of unshakable faith, like Abelard and Maimonides and Averroes, saw no contradiction in pursuing the truth, whether philosophical or scientific or religious, across confessional lines. This was an approach to life -- and its artistic, intellectual and religious pursuits -- that was contested by many, sometimes violently, as it is today.