To: IngotWeTrust who wrote (89521 ) 9/12/2002 7:56:05 PM From: E. Charters Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 116796 Depends on what kind of centrifuge you are talking about. They are not solely set it and forget it but in general they operate fairly automatically. Any recovery machine is subject to (C-T)/(F-T) analysis. C= concentrate assay. T = tails assay, F= feed assay. This gives concentration ratio, and by inference recovery, if you know tonnage feed rate. You balance the concentration ratio against recovery for best economics. If you are referring to the Kelson, you ought to look at their website, Falcon's website and the Russian websites which discuss theory a bit more in detail. The Russians and Czechs make similar machines and the Falcon patent dates back to 1934. What the Knelson does and similar machines, is set a water pressure bed in a spinning cone to receive the feed. The vertical spinning "cone-basket" is fed with raw gravel or gold-containing feed from the top. The cone-bed becomes concentrated in gold and is periodically automatically emptied of concentrate. The resulting concentrate can be up to several percent gold amongst a heay metal suite that reports to the bed. Centrifuges of this type operate best on fine gold, and will not recover a broad size range of coarse and fine gold. In order to recover a particular size range, one must fiddle with the cone basket back pressure fluidization water. This is actually a simple matter of adjusting the pressure setting until the recovery is in a satisfactory range by pan, or assay or tails. The advantage of centrifugal devices is that they will recover good portion of very fine gold that other gravity methods ordinarily cannot. The idea of centrifugal concentration is that in a hi-g field where the particle is subjected to forces of 60 to 200 G's, the efficiency of separation in a hindered or sand-bed with low water, increases markedly for small size range particles, in comparison to a one gravity field. This is because the arithmetic difference between a 19.5 SG particle and a 2.5 SG particle when multiplied by a factor, increases as the factor increases. ---> 50 X 2.5 = 125, -- 50 X 19.5 = 975 -- Diff = 850.----- 100 X 2.5 = 250 -- 100 X 19.5 = 1950 -- Diff = 1700. The heaviness difference increases as the centrifuge spins faster. This causes the gold to become relatively heavier than lighter particles as it is spun faster, allowing it to overcome settling hindrance due to smaller size the better. They do not as a rule have a very high concentration ratio, and the concentrates usually require upgrading before the final smelting. This can cause losses. On the other hand, they are excellent for providing small volume cons that are fairy rich, for other processing. I did run into a wrinkle I had designed into an undercurrent rocker that actually recovered almost pure gold in extremely fine size ranges. It was a unique effect I felt and I had never seen this work before in one-G devices. I may develop, patent and sell this at a later date when I can get funding. It may be useful for recovering gold from black sand. EC<:-}