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Politics : Foreign Affairs Discussion Group -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Ilaine who wrote (50367)10/8/2002 11:30:27 PM
From: Nadine Carroll  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 281500
 
David Warren does another intelligent roundup of the situation. He too thinks the war will start soon:

Warmer & warmer

The Bush administration in Washington and Saddam's regime in Baghdad have a little secret together which they are loathe to share with the rest of the world. They are for the moment both pretending there might be a diplomatic alternative to war -- even as they prepare their respective best shots. The question is, who will be first to drop the pretence?

President George W. Bush made another quite effective speech on Monday night in Cincinnati, aimed almost entirely at the U.S. domestic audience. The speech was limited in its ambition, to staying on top of the domestic political scene, in the run up to the mid-term election campaign. It succeeded in that.

But it was slightly surprising, for when the media advisory went out at the end of last week, there were hints Mr. Bush would revise and sharpen his position towards the United Nations. Over the weekend, White House and State Department fears that the French, Russians, or even the Chinese might veto the U.S. resolution setting standards for weapons inspections in Iraq, seemed to evaporate, and I think the Bush administration is now fairly confident these powers will at worst abstain when it finally comes to the vote in the Security Council. In fact, with all three seemingly on the verge of "yes", in return for cosmetic concessions in public and some private pay-offs, Mr. Bush apparently decided not to rock that boat.

There was nothing entirely new in the President's speech, but two interesting developments of what we had already heard. Even while expressing nominal hope for a diplomatic breakthrough, Mr. Bush tightened the logical knot between the need to disarm Iraq and the need to depose Saddam Hussein. One object cannot be achieved without the other: you cannot leave a government in power determined to subvert and prevent what your arms inspectors are trying to accomplish, especially when they are searching for things fairly easy to hide.

The second development was more confident hints that U.S. intelligence knows exactly what it is dealing with, in claiming that Iraq is both sheltering, and conspiring with, Al Qaeda. I am not privy to these intelligence sources, or if I knew anything I wouldn't tell; but the case can be made from external as well as internal observations. (More below.)

Perhaps a third. There was something of a breach in the "axis of evil" -- maybe even a hopeful one. Mr. Bush stressed that Iraq is uniquely dangerous, and I don't think this was for the sake of the moment. The U.S. has been making discreet overtures to the other two members of this elite club, Iran and North Korea ("repent, for the end is nigh"), and these are showing some modest returns.

While the Korean Communists seem actually too demented to know how to exit their cage -- witness their absurd backfiring attempt to confess kidnappings to Japan, and to create a "free trade zone" about the size of one of Saddam Hussein's 60 presidential palaces -- Iran's ayatollahs have become noticeably more co-operative over Iraq.

The Iranian regime has, if I am not entirely mistaken, quietly delivered a handful of reasonably senior Al Qaeda operatives to Guantanamo Bay. Other reports have them helpfully turning over intelligence on Saddam's weapons programmes, and even fighting alongside Turks, Americans, and Kurds in the "secret war" that seems to be happening in northern Iraq already. But on the official level in Tehran, it's still "Death to America!" -- and the regime meanwhile has its hands full of a very revolutionary, pro-Western, and young population. (Student demonstrations against the ayatollahs continue to occur almost daily in Iran's major cities.) The ayatollahs' attempts to pacify George Bush are thus most likely the product of real desperation.

In the Iraq theatre itself, events are progressing ahead of the President's speech. Two publicly reported events may be the visible tip of a joint Iraqi-Al Qaeda plan to maximize disruption of the West on the eve of war. One was an attack on U.S. soldiers training in Kuwait yesterday, which resulted in one Marine killed. I don't think this was the only such incident in the past week; I have heard rumours of similar events in Qatar and Oman.

The other and more interesting was what I believe to have been the U.S.S. Cole-style attack on a French oil tanker docking off Mukallah, Yemen, early Sunday. (The Yemenis say it was an accident, but then they always do.) The tanker was new, state-of-the art, and had a security system that warned of an intruding speedboat moments before the explosion; all other circumstantial evidence points the same direction. But no one wants to talk much about an event that could send insurance rates on Middle Eastern oil shipments skyrocketing, even if the oil price stays down owing to the international glut.

The U.S. has already blockaded the Shatt-al-Arab, preventing all uninspected Iraqi shipping from putting to sea. Al Qaeda, the likely perpetrators, have sworn as a matter of policy not to endanger Arab oil shipments, for Osama bin Laden has called this oil, and the Arab power that depends on it, a gift of Allah. So what gives?

If we postulate an alliance between Saddam and Al Qaeda -- which hardly stretches the imagination, given both are in lethal conflict with the U.S. -- we would expect to see accommodations from each side. Saddam for his part has come to use the same religious language as Osama, in summoning the Arab world to his defence. Al Qaeda may, from its side, now be adopting Saddam's tactics.

The reader will remember what Saddam did to the oil wells of Kuwait in 1991; his principle has always been, "après moi, le deluge". If it is indeed demonstrated that Al Qaeda holed the French tanker, we can safely assume that terror international will now be trying to devastate oil traffic East to West. At this stage it is oil tankers; at the next it might be oil refineries. (And count on Saddam to try to lay waste the Iraqi oil infrastructure around Basra, before he withdraws for good from the Shia zone in southern Iraq.)

Meanwhile the approach of war has been signalled in Israel by a new and controversial IDF campaign to disrupt Hamas terror preparations in Gaza. The incursion on Khan Yunis in Gaza was not an isolated incident, such as an attempt to assassinate another Hamas organizer, but the beginning of something new and aggressive. The first operation went wrong in two places, with bad publicity fallout. The usual Palestinian victory celebration -- when the Israelis withdraw after completing their mission -- began prematurely, before the Israelis were quite gone, and it seems an Israeli pilot interpreted the joyous firing of guns in the air as an attack on his helicopter. A missile was fired back that killed a dozen civilians. And round a corner, Israeli troops returned fire on a Palestinian gang using a local hospital for cover, so that the hospital itself was strafed.

Gaza is going to erupt when the war in Iraq begins. The Israelis are determined that the eruption will at least be disorganized, hence the present operation to throw spanners into the workings of Hamas. They have too much at stake to listen very long to foreign expressions of outrage about this. Pre-emptive strikes against Hezbollah and other terrorist camps in Lebanon and Syria may also be contemplated.

For what the Israelis are now doing -- battening down the hatches -- is paralleled in Jordan, where the government is rounding up and deporting large numbers of Iraqi provocateurs, and just to be sure, Iraqi nationals generally, in the hope of preventing pro-Saddam riots and sabotage when the larger conflict begins. But whereas no one bats an eyelash when the Jordanians do such things, the massed "human rights" choir of Europe goes into tremolo when the Israelis act to protect themselves against impending acts of murder and mayhem. There will be much for them to sing about in coming weeks.

davidwarrenonline.com



To: Ilaine who wrote (50367)10/8/2002 11:49:33 PM
From: KLP  Respond to of 281500
 
Chemical Weapons Tests by US in 60s
Tue Oct 8,11:09 PM ET
By MATT KELLEY, Associated Press Writer
story.news.yahoo.com

The United States held open-air biological and chemical weapons tests in at least four states — Alaska, Hawaii, Maryland and Florida — during the 1960s in an effort to develop defenses against such weapons, according to Pentagon (news - web sites) documents.



A series of tests in Alaska from 1965-67 used artillery shells and bombs filled with the nerve agents sarin and VX, the records show.

The Defense Department planned to release summaries of 28 chemical and biological weapons tests at a House Veterans Affairs Committee hearing Wednesday. The Associated Press obtained the summaries Tuesday.

The documents did not say whether any civilians had been exposed to the poisons. Military personnel exposed to weapons agents would have worn protective gear, the Pentagon says.

The Pentagon previously acknowledged that it had conducted biological and chemical tests, but this was the first time it disclosed that some tests were conducted over land and not out at sea.

The tests were part of Project 112, a military program in the 1960s and 1970s to test chemical and biological weapons and defenses against them. Parts of the testing program done on Navy ships were called Project SHAD, or Shipboard Hazard and Defense.

The tests were directed from the Deseret Test Center, part of a biological and chemical weapons complex in the Utah desert.

Some of those involved in the tests say they now suffer health problems linked to their exposure to dangerous chemicals and germs. They are pressing the Veterans Affairs Department to compensate them and the Defense Department to release more information about the tests.

In response to pressure from veterans and Congress, the Pentagon began releasing details of the tests last year. Earlier this year, the Defense Department acknowledged for the first time that some of the 1960s tests used real chemical and biological weapons, not just benign stand-ins.

"The Cold War era experiments of Project SHAD, which we are now learning used live toxins and chemical poisons on American servicemen on American soil, must be aggressively investigated in as open and transparent a manner as possible," said the House Veterans Affairs Committee chairman, Rep. Chris Smith, R-N.J. "Our focus must be on quickly identifying those veterans who were involved, assessing whether they suffered any negative health consequences and, if warranted, providing them with adequate health care and compensation for their service."

The Defense Department has identified nearly 3,000 soldiers involved in tests disclosed earlier, but the VA has sent letters to fewer than half of them. VA and Pentagon officials acknowledged at a July hearing that finding the soldiers has been difficult.

The tests described in the latest Pentagon documents include:

_ Devil Hole I, designed to test how sarin gas would disperse after being released in artillery shells and rockets in aspen and spruce forests. The tests occurred in the summer of 1965 at the Gerstle River test site near Fort Greeley, Alaska, the documents said. Sarin is a powerful nerve gas that causes a choking, thrashing death. It killed 12 people in a Tokyo subway attack in 1995 and the Bush administration says it is part of Iraq's chemical arsenal.

_ Devil Hole II, which tested how the nerve agent VX behaved when dispersed with artillery shells. The test at the Gerstle River site in Alaska also included mannequins in military uniforms and military trucks. VX is one of the deadliest nerve agents known and is persistent in the environment because it is a sticky liquid that evaporates slowly. Iraq has acknowledged making tons of VX.

_ Big Tom, a 1965 test that included spraying bacteria over the Hawaiian island of Oahu to simulate a biological attack on an island compound, and to develop tactics for such an attack. The test used Bacillus globigii, a bacterium believed at the time to be harmless. Researchers later discovered the bacteria could cause infections in people with weakened immune systems.

___

On the Net:

Descriptions of some of the tests: deploymentlink.osd.mil