To: LindyBill who wrote (50755 ) 10/10/2002 9:36:39 AM From: spiral3 Respond to of 281500 awarded Smith the Nobel "for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis. Eyes Wide Open When an obscure Arab scientist solved the riddle of light, the universe no longer belonged to God. By RICHARD POWERS >> snippette >> Any search for the millennium's most important concept already dooms itself to myopia. Consider the candidates that spring to mind: parliamentary democracy, the nation-state, free markets, due process, the limited liability corporation, insurance, the university, mandatory formal education, abolition, socialism, the emancipation of women, universal suffrage, universal human rights. The scope of the upheaval in social institutions suggests some corresponding revolution in underlying thought almost too large to isolate. Line up the usual intellectual suspects: the theory of evolution, relativity, the mapping of the unconscious. As cataclysmic as each has been for our own era, they are 11th-hour arrivals, the latter-day consequences of ideas much larger and longer in motion. Push backward to Boyle's Law, Newton's F=ma or the Copernican Revolution, and you begin to close in on that fundamental leap in human conception. The notion of progress, the invention of the future, might itself be a leading candidate for the most influential idea of the millennium. But the belief in transformation and advancement, in a constantly increasing control over the material world, is still just a symptom of a wider conceptual revolution that lies at the heart of what has happened to the world in these last 1,000 years: the rise of the experimental method. << . . . >>Light falls into the eye, reflected from the object under observation. But something else, too, must go out from the eye to the things we observe. << nytimes.com