To: Jim Willie CB who wrote (9035 ) 11/8/2002 10:50:28 AM From: stockman_scott Respond to of 89467 U.S. Fed sounds warning on deflation Nightmare scenario now on radar screen, minutes show Jacqueline Thorpe Financial Post Friday, November 08, 2002 The U.S. Federal Reserve revealed yesterday it was becoming increasingly concerned that declining inflation would make it difficult for it to lower interest rates to jump-start a weak economy. While the Fed has made it clear during the past year that disinflation and deflation -- every central banker's nightmare and Japan's main problem -- were a topic of discussion for policymakers, minutes from their Sept. 24 meeting show it has now moved onto their radar screen. The minutes also help explain why the Fed administered a larger-than-expected 50-basis-point cut in interest rates on Wednesday, driving the Fed funds target down to 1.25%. "This is the first formal expression of some concern in that regard," said Stephen Roach, director of global economic analysis at Morgan Stanley in New York. "I'm totally on board with the fact that the greatest risks right now are deflation and not inflation and so I think the Fed did the right thing yesterday with this aggressive move." The Fed minutes said some observed that a significant decline in inflation from current levels could imply an unwelcome tightening of monetary policy in real terms. "In addition, further sizable disinflation that resulted in a nominal inflation rate near zero could create problems for the implementation of monetary policy through conventional means in the event of an adverse shock to the economy that called for negative real policy interest rates," the minutes said. Borrowing costs need to be lower than inflation in periods of slow growth so companies have a better chance of making a profit. In the last recession the Fed drove real rates -- borrowing costs adjusted for inflation -- as low as -1%, but the Fed will have run out of ammunition if it has to cut rates to zero and prices continue to fall. This is the problem Japan has run into as prices slumped across the economy and monetary policy has been rendered ineffective. Mark Chandler, senior economist at the Bank of Nova Scotia, agreed the Fed is increasingly focusing on deflation. "What was a very remote possibility in January is now on the radar screen," he said. "I still don't think it's their central case but it's something they're taking more interest in." The Fed first started to muse about the dangers of deflation in January when minutes revealed that members discussed the implications for policy if the economy were to deteriorate substantially, when interest rates were already at very low levels. Then in June the Fed put a major analysis of Japan's deflation on its Web site, concluding that it was best to move aggressively with hefty interest rate cuts before deflation could become entrenched. The Fed also revealed yesterday it was becoming increasingly worried about the commercial real estate market and a surge in consumer credit. "We are seeing dramatic increases in vacancy rates," Fed governor Susan Bies said. Overall, banks have less exposure to the slumping nonresidential housing sector than in past economic downturns, Ms. Bies said. But banks with assets of US$1-billion or less have a greater proportion of commercial real estate on their books than previously, she said, adding the central bank is also looking closely at delinquency rates for personal loans 12 to 24 months old. jthorpe@nationalpost.com © Copyright 2002 National Postnationalpost.com {4C0F7415-D726-441C-84C0-628206657226}