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Politics : Foreign Affairs Discussion Group -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Ilaine who wrote (59038)11/26/2002 11:12:48 PM
From: Nadine Carroll  Read Replies (4) | Respond to of 281500
 
Defusing the Holy Bomb
By THOMAS L. FRIEDMAN

To: Leaders of the Muslim world

From: President George W. Bush

Dear Sirs,

As you approach the end of Ramadan and we approach our Thanksgiving, I thought it would be a good time for me to share with you some concerns. Let me be blunt: I am increasingly worried that we are heading toward a civilizational war.

How so? Well, let me point out just a few news stories in recent days: Imam Samudra, the Indonesian Islamist accused of masterminding last month's Bali bombing — in which nearly 200 tourists were killed — reportedly said during his confession that it was a "holy bomb" that ripped apart that disco, and that it was aimed there because it was full of foreigners — i.e., non-Muslims. There is nothing "holy" about a bomb that kills 200 people just because they are foreigners.

Then I read about Bonnie Penner, a young U.S. missionary nurse at a prenatal clinic in Sidon, Lebanon, which provided care for needy Palestinians and Lebanese. She was shot three times in the face. A Palestinian security official told The A.P. that "the killing was the result of a hostile Muslim reaction in Sidon to the preaching . . . lessons the center was giving to Muslim youths." Do you know how much proselytizing Muslim groups do in America? A lot. We have no problem with that. That's who we are. Who are you? I have no idea whether this woman's clinic was involved in proselytizing Muslims, but I do know that she was a nurse, caring for Muslims, and she was shot for who she was.

Then there was Azmi Abu Hilayel, whose son Na'el strapped himself with dynamite and blew up an Israeli bus with school kids. Azmi was quoted as saying: "I thanked God when I heard that my son had died in an operation for the sake of God and the homeland." I can't believe that the God of Islam, a God of mercy and compassion, would bless killing anyone's kids. Believe me, I know Israeli soldiers have killed dozens of Palestinian children during the intifada. That is shameful. But I don't hear Israeli generals, parents or rabbis thanking God their sons could kill Muslim kids. Soldiers shooting kids is wrong. Suicide killing is wrong. There is no God that blesses either.

On top of all this, we just had the imam of a Paris mosque arrested for allegedly helping the airplane shoe-bomber. And we had two U.S. marines shot in Kuwait, a country we helped rescue from Saddam, and we saw one of our top aid officials in Jordan killed in his front yard for a similar "crime" — being an American in the Muslim world. Now you see why I ordered that young men from most Arab countries who are studying in America be fingerprinted and photographed by the I.N.S. I had no choice.

You say all this is happening because we support Israel. I know we need to do more to bring peace, but I don't think that nurse was shot, or that Bali bomb was made "holy," because we support Israel. I think it has to do with the rise within your midst of a deeply intolerant strain of Islam that is not simply a reaction to Israel, but is a response to your failing states, squandered oil wealth, broken ideologies (Nasserism) and generations of autocracy and illiteracy. Armed and angry, this harsh fundamentalism now seems to totally intimidate Muslim moderates.

But the values it propagates will bring ruin to you and conflict with us. As Brink Lindsey of the Cato Institute wrote in National Review, "No faith will make rote memorization of ancient texts, suppression of critical inquiry and dissent, subjugation of women, and a servile deference to authority the recipe for anything other than civilizational decline."

The decent, but passive, Muslim center must go to war against this harsh fundamentalism. Yes, we have our intolerant bigots too. I just publicly distanced myself from those Christians who smear Islam with a broad brush. But our moderate majority and press regularly denounce them too. They are not dominating our society. We've had our civil war against intolerance. Now I'm urging you to have yours. Don't tell me you can't. Look at those courageous Iranian students who are now taking on the extreme fundamentalists within their own society — risking their lives to fight those who want to take Islam, and Iran, back to the Dark Ages. God bless them.

Friends, unless you have a war within your civilization, there is going to be a war between our civilizations. We're just one more 9/11 away from that. So let's dedicate this next year to fighting intolerance within so we can preserve our relations between.

Sincerely, G.W.B.
nytimes.com



To: Ilaine who wrote (59038)11/27/2002 7:37:14 PM
From: Bilow  Respond to of 281500
 
Hi CobaltBlue; Re: "I don't believe that engineers are allowed to use inference."

The standard definition of "inference" is essentially a description of the normal condition of logic:

(1) The act or process of deriving logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true.
(2) The act of reasoning from factual knowledge or evidence.

dictionary.reference.com

Of course inference is not only allowed in engineering, it's required, when possible.

More commonly used is less precise reasoning. Maybe the word you're looking for is more like "intuition" or "extrapolation" rather than "inference"?

While I suppose all things are theoretically knowable, the actual fact is that when you're faced with an engineering problem, the paucity of information actually available to you (and the high expense associated with obtaining more information) makes it impossible to do decent engineering without having an accurate intuition. Here's some links that might be of interest:

Engineering Intuition
engr.wisc.edu

Also see:
www-cdr.stanford.edu

The normal condition when doing engineering is an absence of complete information. In this condition, intuition and inference are critical.

Here's an interesting industry link that is about as close to what I think you may be thinking of "inference" as meaning:

Implementing Intent Inference
atl.external.lmco.com

On the subject of VHDL synthesis, "inference" is a technical term:
homepage.te.hik.se

The basic problem with inference is that from any given pile of facts, many different things can, by perfectly logical inference, be deduced, and a lot of those deductions are inconsistent. It's not that one person is using inference and another is not. I live by inference. Where we differ on certain questions is instead in our admittance of which facts are significant or correct.

A few months ago you logically inferred that SeaLift was 100% utilized in moving military cargo in preparation for a war with Iraq. You used two facts. The first was that the US military, when moving munitions, must use US ships first, and the second was that there were foreign ships being contracted to move munitions. Your inference that SeaLift must therefore be 100% utilized was perfect (lawyer) logic. It was nevertheless faulty, in that the first fact was not precisely true.

As an engineer, I use logical inference when it applies. But I always temper inference, which so easily goes astray, with intuition.

It is not that I "believe" my intuition, so much as I use it as a tool. If a "fact" strikes me as "not quite right", which is an intuitive observation, I look around for more information. In the case of SeaLift, my intuition told me that the callup of 100 ships should be more widely reported than it was. I am not some genius law expert on shipping munitions, like you are. I just have a very good intuition, and I know how to research. For example, I thought I remembered that so much munitions were shipped during the Gulf War that US imports / exports were hindered. From that, it was simply a matter of googling to find the proof that you were wrong.

By the way, most humans accept the "conventional wisdom", and spend very little of their time actively thinking. They run on autopilot. I do not. I am in a constant state of thinking, and a lot of it has to do with things that most people take for granted, things that everyone "knows" are true. It's my observation that most of the conventional wisdom is true, LOL, but there are definitely exceptions.

In law, there are certain rules that restrict the admissibility of "hearsay" evidence. The reason for this is clear from our exchange. People, to a certain extent, do not hear what is actually said, but instead hear what they want (or fear) to hear. When you read the Iraqi statements, you "infered" that Iraq had WMDs, and you posted that this was something that was "new": "So I'll say something new -- Iraqis engage in a little trash-talking of their own -- and in passing admit that they have chemical WMD --" #reply-18277429 In fact, the article had absolutely no new information in it.

What I think happened is that you misread the article, (by the way, that's the "reading comprehension" part of the LSAT, and it's just as important for engineers as it is for lawyers), thought it said something new about Iraq's current WMD situation and posted accordingly. I admit that this is only my inference, but I'd say that it's a pretty good one, given that when I corrected you, you went into "lawyer knows best" mode, and started digging up arguments to support the position that Iraq had WMDs -- not the position that you correctly interpreted the article as being an admission of Iraqi ownership of chemical WMDs.

-- Carl

P.S. I thought that the question of engineers and "inference" was sufficiently interesting as to require me to split my post between that subject, and the real subject at hand, which is the question of whether or not Iraq has (significant) chemical WMDs.



To: Ilaine who wrote (59038)11/27/2002 8:41:08 PM
From: Bilow  Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 281500
 
Hi CobaltBlue; Time for me to pick apart your inference regarding Iraq and chemical WMDs.

You wrote: "... He must ... He resists doing this ...". These two sentences are mutually exclusive. If Saddam must allow sanctions, but doesn't, then what is the meaning of the word "must"? In fact, there is an implied bargain, but you don't explicitly mention it. In return for allowing inspections, Iraq will have its sanctions lifted. I'm rewriting your logic to include the quid pro quo, (and to also distinguish between Saddam, the subject, who is not the same as Iraq, the object of the verb "to sanction", LOL). I do not mean to imply that your thought processes are faulty, but I couldn't answer your logic the way it was written. I'm guessing you typed it in very quickly. (This all must be very obvious to you, how could anyone possibly disagree with you, LOL.) And I've removed the unnecessary BS:

Bilow rewrite of CobaltBlue inference: Let us analyze the problem of the head of a country, which could have been free of UN sanctions which, he alleges (and you allege) have killed over a million of his people. Iraq must suffer sanctions until UN inspectors have completed their inspections of the country, and certified that there are no weapons of mass destruction. Saddam Hussein, as the leader of Iraq, resists doing this for many years until finally the head of another country tells him in no uncertain terms that if he does not comply he will die, and many of his people will die. I infer from his behavior that he must have something to hide. Something of great value to him. Something which is worth all the dead people. Something which is worth the incredible burden and humiliation of sanctions, no fly zones, and the like.

Re: "... of a country which could have been free of UN sanctions ..."

The problem with this statement is that while it may be obviously true to you, it is not necessarily obviously true to other people. As far as the logic in your inference goes, the question is not whether or not this statement is true, but whether or not it is a statement that Saddam believes. Your inference reads on the motivations of Saddam. As such, you must analyze the beliefs of Saddam. You have exhibited zero evidence that Saddam believes that submitting to inspections would lead to the relief of sanctions. I, on the other hand, here exhibit evidence that not only would indicate that it is likely that Saddam would assume that there is nothing Saddam could do, short of resigning, that would have ended the sanctions, but that it is clear that at least some Americans would be likely to believe that too:

One day in 1998, I was invited to have an off-the-record chat with an important staff person on the Clinton administration's National Security Council. ...
...
The important person leaned forward, his eyes unusually ablaze with deep and subtle and clever thoughts, and he said, in a demi-whisper: No, you don't understand. As long as Hussein behaves like this, the U.N. sanctions will stay in effect, and as long as the sanctions stay in effect, Hussein will stay weak. If he obeys the U.N. mandates, then the sanctions will disappear, and he will become strong again. We've got him just where we want him.
#reply-18278957

The situation continues to the present:

What will be the trigger for war?
The Guardian, November 27, 2002
...
The Iraqis cooperate and the inspectors find nothing
Many former inspectors believe this the most likely scenario. They say Iraq has had plenty of time to hide any incriminating evidence, perhaps burying it deep in the desert. In that case, the US and Britain will face a serious dilemma which is likely to drive a wedge between them. Britain would be content to maintain increasingly aggressive inspections. The US would be more likely to demand action.
...
#reply-18278439

In the face of repeated declarations in the US and British press that Saddam will still be attacked, despite his complete cooperation with inspections, your assumption "country which could have been free of UN sanctions" is silly. If we don't believe it, how the hell do you think that they're going to believe it? Jesus f'ing weeps.

Re: "... he alleges (and you allege) have killed over a million of his people."

I've never alleged such a thing. I've noted that sanctions have led to starvation in Iraq, but I've never indicated how many, or even that anyone at all was killed by it. I don't trust the numbers that Saddam (and other organizations) give. I use the word "starved" in the sense I mean in the sense of "having insufficient food". Plenty of people are "starved" but are not "killed". I myself regularly forget to eat and am "starved". For clarity, here's the definition of "starvation":
To suffer or die from extreme or prolonged lack of food.
[Informal]. To be hungry.

dictionary.reference.com

Re: "I infer from his behavior that he must have something to hide."

In addition to the problem with the assumption that inspections would lead to the end of sanctions, you are also mistaken here (especially in your own version of your logic), in conflating Iraq with Saddam. Saddam is not starving. In fact, he has a minor problem with his weight, or so I read. He's coping with sanctions just fine. One of the longest lived dictators on the planet has been putting up with sanctions for many decades. In the sense of Iraq as the playground of Saddam Hussein, sanctions have not been a problem for him. If anything, sanctions, and the exaggerated suffering of the Iraqi people, have resulted in an increase in his popularity not just in Iraq, but also around the rest of the Arab world.

Since even Americans are publicly stating that full cooperation with inspections would not lead to the lifting of sanctions against Iraq, I need merely note that the weapons inspectors themselves admit that the inspections were used for spying. That's plenty of reason to throw the inspectors out, and it doesn't require that Iraq possess chemical WMDs.

I do agree that Iraq once had chemical WMDs, and that they were hidden from the inspectors. But here I have an advantage as compared to you. I should explain. Finding WMDs is similar, in certain ways, to finding errors in systems. As an engineer, I have massive amounts of experience finding errors. Here are some attributes of the process I'll share with you:

(1) The bad news is that you can never find all the errors. There will always be "WMDs" in Iraq. Stuff gets lost in a single room in just one laboratory. Iraq, on the other hand is huge. The good news is that Saddam probably can't find them either. In any case it doesn't matter so much. The more significant errors typically show up early, and note that the UN resolution explicitly allows for minor problems.

(2) Subject to certain limitation, you can estimate the total number of errors remaining, by keeping track of the number you're finding per some suitable measurement such as number of customers shipped to, or amount of labor spent looking for errors. Some of the previous inspectors say that the number of WMDs being found had already fallen off to near zero by 1998, and that there were likely few WMDs, or evidence of prior work on them, left in Iraq.

I admit that we have wildly different opinions from the weapons inspectors themselves over how much further inspection is needed. But one of my observations on human nature is that when a question comes up as to whether or not an expert's assistance is needed, it is a fact that the "experts" will almost always aver that expert assistance is not only needed, but, indeed, is demanded! This observation applies to experts of all types, inspectors, college professors, high school teachers, accountants, etc., and of course, lawyers. The fact that the weapons inspectors are collecting paychecks for inspecting is plenty of reason to apply a discounting factor to their insistence that inspections are extremely important.

-- Carl

P.S. This is not some trial to determine whether a home owner should have to pay a contractor for a faulty roof. Nor are we arguing a judgement on whether or not to execute a prisoner.

We are not talking here about the prospective, society sanctioned killing of a (very likely guilty) individual. What we are talking about is the society sanctioned killing of at least thousands, and possibly as much as hundreds of thousands of innocent people.

So, in a case which is far more important the most important case ever argued before the US Supreme Court, would you really make the assumption that anyone who refuses to talk to the police is guilty? That would simplify our criminal justice system considerably, LOL.

A guy who refuses to talk to the police about where he was last night may have spent the night with the widow next door rather than with a gun in his hand. And Saddam kicked the inspectors out because (he believed that) sanctions were not going to be lifted no matter how long he let the inspectors run loose (as indicated by our own free press), and the inspectors were asking questions about things he didn't want public knowledge (like where he sleeps at night, also as indicated by our own free press).