To: zonder who wrote (67211 ) 12/23/2002 12:07:15 PM From: Fred Levine Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 70976 I'm back, but briefly. Z--I thought your post was terrific. However, it is my contention that there is a war going on. Not only do we have the WTC, but we have scuds at Israel, an attack on Iran, Halabja, and Kuwait-- and the reports that Saddam unleased the West Nile virus on NY. In addition, there are the endless attacks of terrorism all over the world. And, it is my contention that religion is one of the prime bases for the war. I know you agree with that. I'm personally delighted that we have the inspectors in Iraq and I know that there was a cost to the US for bullying the world. However--IMO--having the inspectors in Iraq will prevent war and not provoke war. I just want Saddam neutralized and let the Iraqis run their country the way they want. I do feel that we need to have a dominance of international law so that future Halabjas don't occur, and that may require force or threat of force to prevent ethnic cleansing We don't know now who's correct. I don't want to see a war in Iraq without clear and compelling reasons, and I agree with you that we haven't seen them ---yet. We will see if the inspectors neutralize Saddam in a peaceful manner. I think they will. I also am convinced that the inspectors would not be there without the US threat of force. Back to disease-- Yes I do have TB and have had it since I can remember. My scratch test is positive and histological studies have shown that the test indicates the presence of the bacillis --usually in spore (and therefore harmless) form. The test had previously been interpreted to mean that I had exposure to the bug, but studies have shown that the scratch results are reversible with massive amounts of medication. We all have pathogens in our body, including cancer cells. That does not define the existence of a disease. Therefore, when you say that the pathogen is the cause of a disease, it is a gross simplification. Given a controlled exposure to virtually any pathogen, some people will be immune while others will succumb. Therefore, the causality is not merely the presence of the pathogen, but the condition of the immune system. There are a multitude of influences on the immune system--e.g., genetics, nutrition, exercise. I agree with you that the pathogen is the necessary condition for the disease, but is is hardly the sufficient condition. Causality is frequently defined as the necessary and sufficient conditions for an event to occur. BTW--even that simple definition is subject to intense dispute. In addition, back to Mike's point, since determining causality is difficult, intervention is frequently done without consideration of causality. If one has hypertension, many medications reduce blood pressure even tho the cause may have many sources. In fact, until very recently--the molecular revolution-- there was no theory in pharmacology. Most drugs were discoved by serendipity. Look at the use of lithium. It calmed people in the manic stage and we still don't know why. Electric shock treatment also has an impressive data base, but it's still referred to as a "mystery within a mystery". fred