Oh, I see CKFR is at $18, Bastard. I still ain't sold. I was talking to a friend today, who personally taught me how to party as a teenager. And is now a decan, howerver you spell that with the 7th day adventists.
I heard it from my dad at christmas....upon talking to him, my friend today, he said, yes I confess I'm a peanut. I said yea that's ok, I'm a Viking Bastard, he said, Christmas has to be special around your house, and it explains the way you always played "risk".
My GrandPa
GUILLAUME LE CONQUERANT (WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR)
(duke of Normandy, 1027 - 1087)
Wife : Mathilde of Flanders
Year 1066 is a significant date for the history of England. That year, Guillaume crossed the Sleeve with approximately 7000 men and conquered the island, carrying the victory of Hastings over king Harold. He became king of England in his turn. Then, he is known under the name of " William the Conqueror ". As a duke, William reigned on Normandy, one of the most powerful French provinces of the feudal time. He had become a powerful sovereign there. His enemies themselves admired him. One of them declared one day that no knight was not the equal one of William. It can seem us strange, - we live at one time when the armies count million men -, that William, with his 7000 warriors, conquered a whole country. But he was victorious on the one hand because he had riders and good archers, and on the other hand because he knew the tired soldiers of Harold. They indeed had just pushed back another invader. The new Norman sovereign also introduced the taste of the castles and the cathedrals. Some of his ideas were amazing for the English peasants. In Dovresday Book, William made draw up the list of all the grounds of the kingdom. Thanks to that, he could decide taxes which were to pay each landowner. To be sure exactitude of his lists, he organized in each discrict a group of twelve men who undertook to check them. Two centuries later, similar groups become jurys. The battle of Hastings fwas one of the most significant battles of the history. France and England underwent the consequences of them during centuries.
CHRONOLOGY
1027 to 1087 : extraordinary epic of William the Conqueror
1027 Birth in Falaise of William "the Bastard".
1030 Marriage of Herleue, William's mother, with Hellouin de Conteville.
1035 Died of Robert "the Glorious" in Nice.
1037 Died of the archbishop of Rouen, Robert. Mauger, son of Richard II, succeeds to him.
1040 Murder of the seneshal Osbern and Gilbert de Brionne.
1042 Edouard the Confessor becomes King of England.
1046 Plot warped by the lords and Viscounts of Low-Normandy against the bastard.
1047 Victoire to Val-es-Dunes of William, helped by the King of France, Henri Ist.
1049 Council held in Rheims by the Pope Leon IX, who opposes the project of marriage of William with Mathilde of Flanders.
1051 Edouard the Confessor promises to William his succession on the throne of England. Marriage between William and Mathilde of Flanders.
1054 The King of France Henri Ist and his brother, Eude, invade Normandy. William is victorious to Mortemer-sur-Eaulne.
1057 King Henri Ist invades Normandy. He is again beaten in Varaville.
1059 With the Synod of Melfi, the pope Nicolas II recognizes with Northmen the possession of the grounds which they acquired in southernmost Italy and entrusts to them the mission of protecting the Episcopal-Sacred.
1060 Died of Henri Ist, King de France. His minor son Philippe Ist succeeds to him under the supervision of the count Baudouin of Flanders.
1063 William conquers the Maine.
1064 Travel to Normandy of Harold, son of Golwine and earl of Wessex. Forwarding of William in Brittain.
1066 (january 5th) Died of Edouard the Confessor.
(january 6th) Harold is crowned King of England.
(spring) William sends a mission in Rome to request the support of the Pope Alexandre II with his project of invasion of England.
(june) Northmen barons brought together at the Ducal court with Bonneville-sur-Touques, approve the project of forwarding against Harold, King of England.
(Summer) Concentration of the task force around the estuary the Divine ones.
(september 20th) King of Norway, Harald Hardrada, is victorious of a Anglo-Saxon army.
(september 25th) Harold crushes Norwegian to Stamfordbridge.
(september 29th) William's army unloads in Pevensey.
(october 14th) Battle of Hastings.
(october 29th) Catch of Canterbury.
(december 25th) William is crowned King of England.
1067-1068 Rising and tender of Exeter.
1068 Mathilde is crowned Queen of England in Westminster.
1070 (August 15th) Lanfranc becomes archbishop of Canterbury.
1072 Forwarding of King William in Scotland.
1076 Forwarding of William in Brittain. He fails in front of Dol.
1077 Robert Courteheuse, elder son of the Conqueror, in revolt against his father, leaves Normandy.
1079 During the head office of Gerberoy, the conqueror and his Robert son, clash the weapons with the hand, then reconcile themselves temporarily.
1083 (Novembre 1st) Died of Mathilde.
1086 William returns for the last time to Normandy.
1087 (Summer) The King of France Philippe Ist carries out a raid of plundering in the area of Evreux. William counteracts by invading French Vexin. He is victim of an accident during the setting with bag of Mantes.
(September 9th) William the Conqueror dies in Rouen.
(september) William is buried in Caen, in Abbey Saint-Etienne. His second son, William Rufus, succeed to him on the throne of England. Robert Courteheuse becomes Duke of Normandy.
Encyclopaedia and General Council of Calvados.
William the Conqueror
The new Master of England, William, is a robust warrior who does not let himself any tell. He goes down from the duke Rollon. This Viking head was established a hundred and fifty years before with the mouth of the Seine, with the Western authorization of the carolingien king of Francie, the weak Charles "the Simple one".
Rollon and his Vikings very quickly extended their domination to the whole of current Normandy, while adopting feudal manners and the language of their country of adoption, France.
William was called the Bastard because he was born, as in the fairy tales, of the illegitimate loves of the duke Robert with the girl of a Cliff tanner, Arlette.
The young duke imposes by the weapons his domination on Normandy. He has more evil to conquer the favours of a beloved cousin, Mathilde of Flanders, which refuses convoler with bastard.
He uses of violence to seize the girl and it seems that this one does not hold a long time rigour of it to him...
So that the pope approved their marriage, the two husbands commit themselves building in Caen the abbey with the Men and the abbey with the Ladies. These two monuments still make the pride of the city.
Little after the victory of Hastings, the Christmas Day 1066, William and Mathilde are crowned king and Queen of England to the abbey Westminster, in London.
The new sovereign has much evil to impose his domination on England, then populated approximately million men of any origines: Celts, Anglo-Saxons, Dane, Northmen... (England counts today nearly 60 million inhabitants).
William imposes a law common ("Common Law") to the whole of his subjects and divides the country into counties or " shires ". He entrusts of it the administration to royal officers or " sheriffs ".
He orders a census of the grounds to facilitate the collection of the taxes. This census, the first of the kind, is preserved in a famous document, " Doomsday Book " (as old English, that means the Book of the last judgement).
The Northmen conquerors share the English seigniories. They eliminate the nobility resulting from the preceding invaders, the Angles and the Saxon ones, and they introduce their language of adoption, French.
The reign of William (in French Guillaume) mark starting of modern England.
The king will die in 1087 in a combat against the king of France, the capetien Philippe 1st (it is the beginning of a long tradition : during 800 years, the two countries will practically never cease fighting one against the other).
William, after his death, will be called the Conqueror. Himself refused this nickname. He was regarded the legitimate heir to the English crown and not as a usurper or a conqueror. His direct descent will briefly reign on England. Struck by the shipwreck of the White Nave, it will pass the crown to Plantagenet of Anjou in 1154.
It should be noted that after the unloading of William, all the later attempts at conquest of England will fail. Protected by their insularity, the populations of the kingdom will not be long in amalgamating as only one people.
Bibliography For an approach of this history, I could not recommend too much the famous book of Andre Maurois, French novelist very anglophile: " History of England ". It is an excellent popularizing work.
Come to see the downward genealogy of Rollon and Dukes of Normandy (including William)...
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