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To: long-gone who wrote (92518)	1/8/2003 6:36:51 AM
From: E. Charters	Respond to of 116789

It must mean that sort of shipping was taking place before the writing of Canterbury tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. (The first book published by Gutenberg's press in the then new-to-literature "English" language. English had been spoken in a variety of dialects for about 300 years by that time and was known as Anglo-Norman, or literally, Friesian-Viking-French-Latin.) French itself had been developed from the Romanicized Celtic language about 400 to 800 AD by mixing Old Norse, with Germanic dialects, Latin dialect and Romanicized Celtic. The Roman troops who had settled in France had spoken exclusively Saxon, Frankish, and a Roman lingua franca. They then absorbed the local Brythonic Celtic, which had practically become Latin by that time. Still Later the Norse conquered France, and their language found its imprint. Then that mix got carried over to Britain, where Brythonic Celtic was being replaced by Friesian Saxon in the South and Danish in the North. Got it? Now what language do you speak? The Anglo-Saxon terms for excrement, i.e. shitte, and crappe (spelled as such The e is pronounced distinctly in ancient Saxon. "Knight", for instance is pronounced ku-ni-ge-het) -- both appear in the Knight's Tale circa 1450. This dispels two urban legends, the story of John Crapper, the fictional Victorian era plumber who was supposed to have invented the commode or W.C, and this tale of acronymic origin too. In fact, these Saxon expletives are seen in writing as far back as the 3 century AD in runic and Latinate script. It is rather interesting about our modern attitudes, deriving as they do from ancient Normanic authoritarian rule, that the words in Saxon, which represent excrement are considered "vulgar" which is apparently means deprecated, to quote many critics, (The bible in English as called the Vulgate), but the same meaning exactly can be expressed in Latin with nary a head being turned. Feces, excrement, etc.. The Saxon influence was deprecated, as were all aspects of their language by the Latin and Norman conquerors. Now the Saxons despise themselves, their language and their true heritage, with a preference for the attitudes of the Latin-Norman Law-yers. This is classically part of an inferiority complex foisted upon the rude original inhabitants. It is a strange mix of defiance and self-hate that they adopted the word brigade for an army group, but retained the word brigand to mean a vile criminal. Both words have their roots in the Saxon term brigand, for an officer of a military unit of 15 men. A "thief" was a Saxon military unit of two people. Now a term for a common surrepitious filcher. Even today in Europe the Roman attitude prevails as the ancient Saxon tribe, the Vandals, have a name synonomous with depradation. It is rather notable that many non-conquered groups do no have "bad" words in their language at all. In Greek and Latin and many modern languages, it is impossible to find words other than forgotten street slang that constitute pure vulgarity as we term it. The street words are the same as the words of literature. We derive our words in medicine from Greek parlance that works in all venues for Greeks. There are no "dirty words" in Japanese at all. If you want to "swear" effectively in any language, french included, it is preferred to do it in Saxon. Perhaps it one last bastion that should be preserved. EC<:-}