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To: Box-By-The-Riviera™ who wrote (33564)	5/13/2003 1:33:32 AM
From: elmatador	Respond to of 74559

Understanding the dynamics of the roll over of the industrial revolution from England to Germany, Sweden and the US, it is necessary since it will offer a glimpse of how it is rolling over from the US/Europe/Japan to the rest of the world today. No intellectual protection bred a lot of copycats: Germany Sweden and the US. "... the British government tried by prohibiting the export of machines, but to no avail. Locomotives in particular were reproduced at such a rate that a whole industry was quickly formed. During these transfers foreign experts were hired, or local technicians were sent out to study the inventions. In 1872 Carnegie visited Bessemer steelworks in England to study the production methods used there. Upon his return to the U.S. he evidently applied them with success: the rise of American steel industry dates from this period. American steel production increased so rapidly that in 1900 the output of American furnaces was almost double that of Britain and France. The British and German technicians travelled to the U.S. to discover how labor productivity had been trebled there. Gruber, W. H., Factors in the Transfer of Technology, Cambridge, 1969 Mutual contact between countries setting up specific industries and copying techniques originated elsewhere has been a crucial factor in the development of Western economies." The latest late comer is Sweden, which until the end of the last war was still largely dependent on forestry and mining. It has since generated great wealth with the erection of an industrial apparatus based in foreign technology, and presently occupies one of top positions in the income-per-head table." Peter Drucker writes: “The creative innovator exploits the success of others. Creative imitation is not ; ‘innovation’ is in the sense in which the term is most commonly understood. The creative imitator doesn't invent a product or service; he perfects and positions it.” Drucker, P., Innovation and Entrepreneurship, London, Heinemann, 1985.