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Politics : Support the French! Viva Democracy! -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: epicure who wrote (1859)	7/16/2003 10:58:04 AM
From: epicure	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 7834

Something pleasant to contemplate- have fun applying them on SI- the raw material is out there: Logical Fallacies Fallacies of Presumption Hasty Generalization: an argument made from an isolated or exceptional case, leading to a conclusion drawn on insufficient evidence False Cause (Post Hoc): an inference drawn on the assumption that because one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second Either/Or: an argument that overlooks or evades alternative possibilities in order to state or imply that only two choices exist Begging the Question: a premise taken as its own conclusion in lieu of evidence, leading to circular reasoning in which “something is because it is” False Analogy: an argument that overlooks or evades important dissimilarities in order to focus on shaky similarities Slippery Slope: an argument in which systematic cause and effect chains are ignored in favor of inevitability leading from the first step Fallacies of Relevance Personal Attack (Ad Hominem): an attempt to divert attention away from the evidence in favor of an attack on the person stating the premise Appeal to Audience Bias (Ad Populem): an emotional appeal to the presumed attitudes or beliefs of an audience, under the assumption that the need for evidence is irrelevant Red Herring: an attempt to avoid the central issue of an argument by sidetracking, that is, changing the subject or digressing onto a tangential point Appeal to Authority: an argument based on the assumption that an authority outside a particular field is a qualified expert on the matters in question Appeal to Ignorance (Proving a Negative): an argument that asserts a claim is true because no one can prove it is wrong; this shifts the burden of proof to the audience or opponent rather than the claimant Sentimental Appeal: a faulty emotional appeal, often using pity or fear, designed to provoke an audience to divert attention or in lieu of evidence Non-Sequitur: an argument in which a conclusion fails to follow logically or coherently from the given premises Fallacies of Ambiguity Amphiboly: ambiguous or deceptive sentence structure designed to mislead, putting the burden of interpretation and proof on the audience Equivocation: a word or phrase with multiple meanings that shifts its meaning in the course of the argument