To: Kenneth E. Phillipps who wrote (621916 ) 9/10/2004 7:30:08 PM From: tonto Read Replies (2) | Respond to of 769670 Kenneth...................pay attention and stay on topic. In the early 1970s Lexitron and Vydec introduced pioneering word-processing systems with CRT screen editing, but the real breakthrough occurred in 1976 with the introduction of a CRT-based system by Wang Laboratories. This was a true office machine, affordable by organizations such as medium-sized law firms. It was easily learned and operated by secretarial staff. The Wang word processor displayed text two-dimensionally on a CRT screen, and incorporated virtually every fundamental characteristic of word processors as we know them today. The phrase "word processor" rapidly came to refer to CRT-based machines similar to Wang's. Numerous machines of this kind emerged, typically marketed by traditional office equipment companies such as IBM, Lanier, CPT, and NBI. These all, of course, were specialized, dedicated, proprietary systems. Cheap general-purpose computers were still the domain of hobbyists. With the rise of personal computers, software-based word processors running on general-purpose commodity hardware gradually displaced dedicated word processors, and the term came to refer to software rather than hardware. Early word-processing software was ludicrously clumsy in comparison to dedicated word processors; for example, it required users to memorize semi-mnemonic key combinations rather than pressing keys labelled "copy" or "bold." The cost differences were compelling, however, and personal computers and word processing software soon became serious competition for the dedicated machines. The Wang and Lanier word processors were available at that time.