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Strategies & Market Trends : Banned.......Replies to the A@P thread. -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: Bill Ulrich who wrote (455)12/10/2004 12:25:31 PM
From: scion  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 5425
 
Maybe Pugs missed this important research tool?
Or maybe he thought it was just another shaving implement...

Occam's Razor
one should not increase, beyond what is necessary, the number of entities required to explain anything

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Occam's razor is a logical principle attributed to the mediaeval philosopher William of Occam (or Ockham). The principle states that one should not make more assumptions than the minimum needed. This principle is often called the principle of parsimony. It underlies all scientific modelling and theory building. It admonishes us to choose from a set of otherwise equivalent models of a given phenomenon the simplest one. In any given model, Occam's razor helps us to "shave off" those concepts, variables or constructs that are not really needed to explain the phenomenon. By doing that, developing the model will become much easier, and there is less chance of introducing inconsistencies, ambiguities and redundancies.

Though the principle may seem rather trivial, it is essential for model building because of what is known as the "underdetermination of theories by data". For a given set of observations or data, there is always an infinite number of possible models explaining those same data. This is because a model normally represents an infinite number of possible cases, of which the observed cases are only a finite subset. The non-observed cases are inferred by postulating general rules covering both actual and potential observations.

For example, through two data points in a diagram you can always draw a straight line, and induce that all further observations will lie on that line. However, you could also draw an infinite variety of the most complicated curves passing through those same two points, and these curves would fit the empirical data just as well. Only Occam's razor would in this case guide you in choosing the "straight" (i.e. linear) relation as best candidate model. A similar reasoning can be made for n data points lying in any kind of distribution.

Occam's razor is especially important for universal models such as the ones developed in General Systems Theory, mathematics or philosophy, because there the subject domain is of an unlimited complexity. If one starts with too complicated foundations for a theory that potentially encompasses the universe, the chances of getting any manageable model are very slim indeed. Moreover, the principle is sometimes the only remaining guideline when entering domains of such a high level of abstraction that no concrete tests or observations can decide between rival models. In mathematical modelling of systems, the principle can be made more concrete in the form of the principle of uncertainty maximization: from your data, induce that model which minimizes the number of additional assumptions.

This principle is part of epistemology, and can be motivated by the requirement of maximal simplicity of cognitive models. However, its significance might be extended to metaphysics if it is interpreted as saying that simpler models are more likely to be correct than complex ones, in other words, that "nature" prefers simplicity.

pespmc1.vub.ac.be



To: Bill Ulrich who wrote (455)12/10/2004 3:51:47 PM
From: Louie_al-Arouri  Read Replies (3) | Respond to of 5425
 
One post left for the day & i'm going to waste it on a "Mr. Bill", a guy using Carmine Bua docs to assist Operation Uptick and Bermuda Short racketeers in their AZNT stock promotion. Sheesh. So be it. Bill, put the bottle down and follow along.

Actually, the most revealing of Tony's bank wires came to public attention on November 9, 2004 in "The New York Times." Recall in that article, Tony wired $6 million, no small sum, to Mercy International described as a "Middle Eastern" charity. Put that together with the Cantor Fitzgerald complaint -- Mercy International Relief Agency -- run by Saudi Prince Salman who saw funds from this charity went to Al Qaeda. Mercy International Relief Agency is aka Mercy International in Saudi Arabia.
Bill, is it all coincidence that the charities selected by Tony are direct conduits to Al Qaeda? Just "dots", huh? You ever stop to consider those "dots" you see are the same "dots" that got you sued for fraud and involved assisting racketeers bashing a stock? You actually seem clueless in regards to the factions me & others discuss here. That's why you and the Wolfson fan club resort to what you do know, disparaging Dobry.

Bill, if you would actually read, read, read, books such as Rita Katz (Anonymous) "Terrorist Hunter," you will learn of the long-standing roots from 1973 of the Muslim Brothers in the U.S. Muslim Brothers hail from Cairo, had a ligation in Munich (just use google.com enter Muslim Brothers then search within results using Hitler), and have always been funded for their international operations by Saudi Arabia. An origin point for the Brothers operations in the U.S. was Chicago back in 1973. Even the U.S. government admits that by using the Saudis as a surrogate for intelligence matters in the middle east and south asia they "really goofed." This is because the Saudis then used their mercenary band of Muslim Brothers which morphed into countless causes, everything from Hamas to Egyptian Islamic Jihad, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Jihad, Jihad, Jihad world wide. A chemical company in Chicago with ties to Al Qaeda was shut down about 1997. Chicago - home to Tony and his father and brothers, woven into the fabric of the Brothers -- a father on the board of charities shut down as Al Qaeda money mills; a brother who extolls the virtues of Holy Land Foundation and helps form American Muslim Council with Sami Al-Arian and Abdulrahman Alamoudi. And when news of Alamoudi's arrest broke, Tony went silent on his website -- until JUST BEFORE he attempted to board a plane using false identification. NO posts after September 30, 2003 as Alamoudi was arrested by Tony at his website, none, and of course Tony was free to post and serving home detention. I wonder if there is a "message" hidden somewhere in Tony's few posts March 10, 2004 until his arrest and incarceration in April, 2004 when he was caught boarding the plane with fake ID. Can anyone bring up Tony's posts of March 10, 2004 to the time of his second detention in Federal prison in Brooklyn, or have they all been conveniently disappeared from the SI site?

Post Tony's messages from March 10, 2004 to their conclusion -- Tony's messages on his Anthony@Pacific thread. Post them. Can anyone come up with posts by Anthony from September 30, 2003 to March 10, 2004? NO, not unless someone is back there creating something by substituting out other messages.

POST Tony's messages March 10, 2004 to his last.

Take another hit Bill off that bottle of Jack. This stuff is over your head. If racketeers could dupe you into assisting them with their stock promotion, I think you better stay clear of the Elgindy matter. What're you going to Bill, raise magicdiary.com from the dead and post letters from from Abdulrahman Alamoudi & the AMC bashing the goverment agencies shutting down these humanitarian fronts? THis one's on me barfly. ;0)