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Politics : Israel to U.S. : Now Deal with Syria and Iran -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?


To: rrufff who wrote (7366)3/11/2005 6:11:38 AM
From: GUSTAVE JAEGER  Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 22250
 
Re: Was there a [Gypsie] Holocaust?

Always a pleasure to teach...

THEN...

Between 1933 and 1945 and Roma ("Gypsies") suffered greatly as victims of Nazi persecution genocide. Building on long-held prejudices, the Nazi regime viewed Gypsies both as "asocials" (outside "normal" society) and as racial "inferiors"—believed to threaten the biological purity and strength of the "superior Aryan" race. During World War II, the Nazis and their collaborators killed tens of thousands of Sinti and Roma men, women, and children across German-occupied Europe.


SINTI AND ROMA ("GYPSIES" ):
VICTIMS OF THE NAZI ERA


For centuries Europeans regarded Gypsies as social outcasts — a people of foreign appearance, language, and customs. In modern Germany, persecution of the Sinti and Roma preceded the Nazi regime. Even though Gypsies enjoyed full and equal rights of citizenship under Article 109 of the Weimar Constitution, they were subject to special, discriminatory laws. A Bavarian law of July 16, 1926, outlined measures for "Combatting Gypsies, Vagabonds, and the Work Shy" and required the systematic registration of all Sinti and Roma. The law prohibited Gypsies from "roam[ing] about or camp[ing] in bands," and those "[Gypsies] unable to prove regular employment" risked being sent to forced labor for up to two years. This law became the national norm in 1929.

When Hitler took power in 1933, anti-Gypsy laws remained in effect. Soon the regime introduced other laws affecting Germany's Sinti and Roma, as the Nazis immediately began to implement their vision of a new Germany — one that placed "Aryans" at the top of the hierarchy of races and ranked Jews, Gypsies, and blacks as racial inferiors. Under the July 1933 "Law for the Prevention of Offspring with Hereditary Defects," physicians sterilized against their will an unknown number of Gypsies, part-Gypsies, and Gypsies in mixed marriages. Similarly, under the "Law against Dangerous Habitual Criminals" of November 1933, the police arrested many Gypsies along with others the Nazis viewed as "asocials" - prostitutes, beggars, chronic alcoholics, and homeless vagrants - and imprisoned them in concentration camps.

The Nuremberg racial laws of September 15, 1935, ("Law for the Protection of German Blood and Honor" and "Reich Citizenship Law") did not explicitly mention Gypsies, but in commentaries interpreting these laws, Gypsies were included, along with Jews and "Negroes," as "racially distinctive" minorities with "alien blood." As such, their marriage to "Aryans" was prohibited. Like Jews, Gypsies were also deprived of their civil rights.

In June 1936, a Central Office to "Combat the Gypsy Nuisance" opened in Munich. This office became the headquarters of a national data bank on Gypsies. Also in June, part of the Ministry of Interior directives for "Combating the Gypsy Nuisance" authorized the Berlin police to conduct raids against Gypsies so that they would not mar the image of the city, host of the summer Olympic games. That July, the police arrested 600 Gypsies and brought them, in 130 caravans, to a new, special Gypsy internment camp (Zigeunerlager) established near a sewage dump and cemetery in the Berlin suburb of Marzahn. The camp had only three water pumps and two toilets; in such overcrowded and unsanitary conditions, contagious diseases flourished. Police and their dogs guarded the camp. Similar Zigeunerlager also appeared in the 1930s, at the initiative of municipal governments and coordinated by the quarters of a national data Council of Cities (reporting to the Ministry of Interior), in Cologne, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt, Hamburg, and other German cities.
[...]

holocaust-trc.org

...AND NOW:

Le CIO apercevra jeudi sur sa route un bidonville de Roms

Mercredi 9 mars 2005, 12h58.


La Commission d'évaluation du Comité international olympique (CIO) pourra apercevoir jeudi sur son parcours autour du stade de France un ou plusieurs camps de Roms, un temps menacés d'expulsion mais finalement maintenus grâce à un sursis des autorités.

Installés depuis quelques mois ou plusieurs années à Saint-Denis et à Aubervilliers, ces camps de Roms ont été l'objet récemment de plusieurs visites policières invitant ces populations à "partir" avant le 2 mars, selon la mairie d'Aubervilliers et d'autres sources proches des Roms.

Ces "invitations" avaient ensuite été relayées par des associations comme Médecins du Monde (MDM), qui s'étaient inquiétées d'une menace d'expulsion avant la visite du CIO.

Ensuite, selon Roland Taysse, directeur de cabinet à la mairie d'Aubervilliers, "la sous-préfète de Saint-Denis a visité le 1er mars le camp d'une centaine de Roms situé sur le quai Jean-Marie Tjibaou du canal Saint-Denis. Elle a annoncé après cette visite que ces Roms ne seraient pas expulsés".

Sur d'autres sites où d'autres Roms sont installés, notamment sur des terrains d'EDF à Saint-Denis, dans une zone industrielle, des mesures avaient commencé à être prises pour "cacher" ces campements.

Pour le groupe communiste et républicain d'Aubervilliers, "la visite des membres du CIO pose un problème aux autorités françaises en raison de la présence de plusieurs campements de Roms, soit 400 à 500 personnes et environ 60 enfants, abrités dans des caravanes de fortune et des baraquements dignes des bidonvilles d'avant guerre, depuis bientôt 3 ans".

Ces campements sont situés sur des terrains appartenant à Réseau Ferré de France, à la ville de Paris (berges du canal), à EDF, à la DDE (Direction départementale de l'équipement), à la SIDEC (Société d'économie mixte départementale), selon ces élus.

La menace à courte échéance étant levée, associations et militants s'inquiètent toujours du sort à long terme réservé à tous ces bidonvilles.

Par ailleurs, le collectif Romeurope (composé notamment de MDM, la CIMADE Comité intermouvements auprès des évacués, la LDH Ligue des droits de l'homme et le Gisti Groupe d'information et de soutien aux travailleurs immigrés) est préoccupé par la venue du CIO pour qui "tout est mis en oeuvre pour faire bonne impression".

"Plusieurs terrains concernés sont actuellement occupés par des familles roms dans des conditions indignes", ajoute Romeurope qui souligne que si "leur expulsion préventive a été un moment envisagé par les services de l'Etat pour faire bonne figure devant la délégation du CIO", ce projet a été "heureusement abandonné pour l'instant".

Le sursis accordé à ces campements "ne règle en rien la problématique des Roms" estime Yann, membre du comité de soutien aux Tsiganes de Saint-Denis.

linternaute.com

As the Jews use to say, Plus jamais ça!