To: RealMuLan who wrote (26521 ) 3/29/2005 2:19:04 PM From: mishedlo Respond to of 116555 The 'housing bubble' U.S. market appears headed for slowdown By KEVIN G. HALL Knight Ridder Newspapers WASHINGTON — The U.S. housing market finally appears headed for a slowdown after four years of spectacular growth that has raised widespread fears of a real estate “bubble.” Because rising short-term interest rates and worries about inflation are driving up the price of home mortgages nationwide, home sales are expected to slow, and prices in some markets could even fall. Economists differ over how much sales might drop: • Optimists expect the growth in sales to level off from phenomenal recent peaks. • Pessimists warn that many metropolitan markets might see bursts of housing “bubbles” —markets in which speculative investment drove prices higher than usual demand can sustain — similar to the collapse of the high-tech stock-market bubble in the late 1990s. Although mortgage rates remain relatively low, they’re rising, and that’s fueling the debate: • The benchmark 30-year fixed mortgage rate crept up to a seven-month high of 5.85 percent March 10, up from 5.34 percent a year earlier. • The one-year adjustable-rate mortgage — popular with investors who buy homes to resell quickly — is about 4.24 percent, up from 3.20 percent last year. Most experts agree a slowdown is overdue. The Federal Reserve has raised short-term lending rates by 1.5 percentage points since last June, but long-term rates were slow to follow until recently. Today, the Fed is poised to boost its key federal funds rate by another one-quarter percentage point to 2.75 percent. Higher mortgage rates are expected to follow. Freddie Mac, one of two federal housing-finance agencies, predicts a 30-year fixed mortgage rate of 6.25 percent by year’s end. That should curb the rise in home prices, which surged a spectacular 11.2 percent last year, the fastest rate since 1979, according to the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight, which regulates Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, the nation’s largest supplier of home mortgage funds. Nationally, home prices have risen 8.4 percent annually over the past five years. Economists in the optimist camp think a growing economy, and an influx of new buyers as the “echo boom” generation enters the market, will keep home prices rising, albeit more slowly. They expect mortgages to remain affordable. “We are expecting 6.5 percent by midyear, which is low in a historical context,” said Celia Chen, the director of housing economics for Economy.Com, a business consultancy. “I think for the most part we will see a soft landing nationally. We don’t anticipate a decline in house prices on a national average.” Other economists take a more dour view but stop short of predicting havoc. “I do think it is going to weaken over the next year as interest rates go up. Owning is going to look more expensive relative to renting,” predicted Jan Hatzius, a senior economist at Goldman Sachs investment bank in New York. “The key really is what happens to interest rates.” Pessimists think the nation’s hottest real estate markets are in a bubble driven by unbridled speculative investment. Anecdotal evidence abounds. Outside Washington, young professionals camp out overnight for a chance to bid on new homes. In South Florida, new homes and condos can sell two or three times before they’re even built. In late February, a National Association of Realtors report provided stunning confirmation that speculation in housing is soaring. The group said 23 percent of homes purchased last year were bought as investments or second homes. The report suggested many people are buying homes for quick turnarounds, much as they would plunk money into rising stocks. On March 7, David Berson, the chief economist for Fannie Mae, the nation’s largest supplier of home mortgage funds, observed in his weekly commentary that investor ownership of housing hasn’t been this high since the late 1980s, which led to a crash in housing prices. “Many analysts think that a high investor share in the Northeast and California helped exacerbate the housing downturn that happened during the 1990-1991 recession,” he wrote, noting that home prices stayed depressed well beyond the recession’s end. Berson suggested it could happen again because “the risk of regional home price declines is higher” as so many purchases are by speculators rather than by residents.thestate.com