To: IQBAL LATIF who wrote (48329 ) 4/21/2005 3:25:11 AM From: IQBAL LATIF Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 50167 April 20 Turkish constitution adopted 1924: Turkey's Grand National Assembly voted to adopt a full republican constitution on this day, finalizing the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire. General Mustafa Kemal, who had first proclaimed the Turkish republic about six months earlier, was the first president of the republic. 1920: U.S. Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens was born in Chicago. 1919: In an ongoing dispute over the possession of Vilnius, Polish forces drove out the Russian Red Army—which had previously ousted the newly established Lithuanian government—and occupied the city. 1871: Japan's first government-operated postal service opened between Tokyo and Osaka. 1840: French Symbolist painter Odilon Redon was born in Bordeaux. 1808: Napoleon III, president of the Second Republic of France (1850–52) and emperor (1852–70), was born in Paris. 1653: England's Rump Parliament was dissolved by Oliver Cromwell and replaced by the nominated Barebones Parliament, which was dissolved in the same year, leading to the declaration of the Protectorate. Adolf Hitler Adolf Hitler, born this day in Austria in 1889, was leader of the National Socialist (Nazi) Party (from 1920/21) and dictator of Germany (1933–45). By the time of his demise, he had broken down the structure of the world in which he lived and inaugurated a new era with even greater potentialities of power and destruction. "I know, my comrades, it must have been difficult at times, when you were desiring change which didn't come, so time and time again the appeal has to be made to continue the struggle—you mustn't act yourself, you must obey, you must give in, you must submit to this overwhelming need to obey." Adolf Hitler, speaking to SA and SS troops, January 30, 1933, the day he was appointed chancellor of Germany