To: 2MAR$ who wrote (22280 ) 8/14/2005 10:49:49 AM From: Solon Respond to of 28931 Just an aside on some of the ancient moral teachings before they popularized by Aurelius and others. Particularly notice that the ancient Buddha fellow refers to them as "old"!Buddha also taught: "Hatred ceases by love, this is an old rule." * Ancient Hindu verse, MAHABHARATA: "This is the true rule of life and the sum of duty: do nothing unto others which might cause you pain if it were done to you. Guard and do by the things of others as they do by their own." * Confucious (c 500 BC in China), ANELECTS,12,1): "Is there one word of counsel by which one should act throughout his whole life? It is indeed loving-kindness; do not unto others what you would not have then do unto you." * Socrates (c 5th century BC in Greece, Plato's CRITO)-- "...we ought neither to requite wrong with wrong nor to do evil to anyone, no matter what he may have done to us." * Isocrates (c 370 BC in Greece, NICOLES 71): "Do not do to others that which angers you when they do it to you. Practice nothing in your deeds for which you condemn others in your words" * Ancient Zorastrian verse. (Note how the second statement is really a form of the Golden rule): "Only that nature can be considered good which refuses to do unto another what is not good for itself. Do as you would be done by." * Buddha (c 6th century BC), also stressed (in different terms) the teachings of the Golden Rule--taking the positive position that one should "cultivate a boundless friendly mind towards all beings", as a "mother watches over her own child, her only child": "Let no one deceive another, let him not despise another in any place, let him not out of anger or resentment with harm to another. "As a mother at the risk of her life watches over her own child, her only child, so also let every one cultivate a boundless friendly mind towards all beings. "And let him cultivate goodwill towards all the world, a boundless friendly mind, above and below and across, unobstructed, without hatred, without enmity. "Standing, walking or sitting or lying, as long as he be awake, let him devote himself to this mind; this way of living they say is the best in this world. (Buddha (6th century B.C. as quoted in the SUTTA-NIPATA, Lord Chalmers, trans., Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1932, METTA-SUTTA 143-151) Buddha also taught: "Hatred ceases by love, this is an old rule." and, "If someone curses you, you must repress all resentment." * In ancient Rome, the philosopher Seneca (who was a contemporary of Jesus, but probably never heard of him during his lifetime) wrote: "Does a man get angry? Do you on the contrary challenge him with kindness. Animosity, if abandoned by one side, forthwith dies...If someone strikes you, step back: for by striking back you will give him both the opportunity and the excuse to repeat his blow." (DE IRA II, 34) * The Stoic philosopher Epictetus (c 100 Ad) wrote in ancient Rome: "That which you would not suffer yourself, seek not to lay upon others."