To: Thomas M. who wrote (9263 ) 10/31/2005 11:32:20 AM From: Elmer Flugum Respond to of 22250 Occupation and Mental Health bridgesmagazine.org The Palestinian Human Rights Information Center estimates that during the period of the first Intifada (December 1987 to December 1993), 1,282 Palestinians died (of which 332 were children) as a result of the conflict and 130,472 Palestinians were injured. Among the injured there are those that remain with permanent disabilities. Furthermore, approximately 57,000 Palestinians were arrested (many of whom were subjected to systematic physical and psychological torture)(1), over 481 were deported and 2,532 had their homes demolished. The psychosocial and financial costs for the affected families in terms of medical and psychosocial care, loss of productive time, chronic disability, loss of function, and loss of life and property are enormous. (2) Two kinds of trauma have been considered the most difficult to cope with – torture and home demolitions The use of torture in Israeli interrogation centers was sanctioned by law until the Israeli High Court of Justice ruled in 1999 that all forms of torture during in interrogations are unlawful (except for moderate use of physical pressure!). Research from the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (GCMHP) showed that 30% of torture survivors developed Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and that the more a prisoner had been exposed to physical, chemical or electric torture, psychological ill-treatment, sensory deprivation or bombardment, the more he subsequently suffered from intrusive re-experiencing, withdrawal, numbness, and hyper-arousal. Electric and chemical torture constituted the most serious risk for PTSD symptoms. Both physical and psychological methods of torture placed victims at serious risk for intrusive experiences trauma. (3) It is worth mentioning that some political prisoners did not develop signs or symptoms of PTSD. Home demolition has been one of the harshest methods of collective punishment carried out on the Palestinian population. During the Al-Aqsa Intifada, the number of demolitions of private homes exceeded thousands The Donor Support Group Statistics in April 2003, estimates total damage of private housing to be US$ 63,008,410. Many families currently live in tents or in relatives' houses, which causes frustration and conflicts between family members. Children who were exposed to loss of home were severely disturbed. (4) bridgesmagazine.org