To: Taikun who wrote (3064 ) 1/2/2006 3:07:28 PM From: elmatador Respond to of 217906 Elmat gets 1st prize! 11) recovering gold diluted in the ocean becomes economic viable. Q: How much gold is there in the seas and oceans and why don't we get it out of the water instead of mining? (Bert, Vaals, The Netherlands) Q: Does seawater contains some ppm [parts per million] of gold? (S, Tamilnadu, India) Gold thin film [Michael W. Davidson and the Florida State University, © 1995 - 2005, used with permission] A: Yes, the sea is laden with gold! But, unfortunately it is so dilute that its concentrations are orders of magnitude smaller than the parts per million you mention. It’s more like parts per trillion. The oceans contain an average gold concentration of about 13 billionths of a gram per liter of seawater (13 ppt). This concentration corresponds to a protozoan-size speck swimming in a quart of water. Of course, the ocean contains many quarts of water, so even such microscopic traces still add up to a lot of gold — 25 billion ounces of gold, worth about 10 trillion dollars (7.6 trillion Euros). Humans have unearthed only 3 billion ounces over recorded history. Actually, gold concentration varies between 5 to 50 ppt, depending on location. The Bering Sea contains the highest reported concentration. Undissolved gold — solid stuff — litters the sea floor. We’ve found "big" (by undersea standards) deposits along the mid-ocean ridges of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. In fact, Peter Herzig of the Aachen University of Technology in Germany and his colleagues found microscopic motes as large as five micrometers across along the Valu Fa Ridge 0.7 miles (1.1 km) beneath the Pacific Ocean. Where does the gold come from? Where tectonic plates spread, cold water seeps down, encounters hot rocks, and leeches out gold. So far, it costs too much to mine or extract it from the sea to make a profit. In an expensive experimental operation, Herzig used a submarine named Nautile to dredge up the gold from almost a mile below the sea surface. As we’ve seen, gold concentration in seawater is so pathetically small that the cost of pumping the water is greater than the value of the gold. "Ocean mining has never proven economically viable, and I think that's still the case," says Jeffrey Christian, managing director of CPM Group, New York City, commodities and precious metals market analyst