To: TigerPaw who wrote (23736 ) 5/31/2006 11:14:48 AM From: LLCF Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 28931 <They either already have something that will do, or they die.>> Then there's this: ""Take the bacterium Escherichia coli for instance. When E. coli cells are subjected to damage, they upregulate repair enzymes, which then go to work trying to fix the problem. If the damage persists, the cell upregulates recombination enzymes, which are tasked with recombining the DNA—another way to repair it. And, says Romesberg, if the damage still persists, the cells upregulate enzymes whose sole task is to make mutations. Presumably, inducing mutations is an effective evolutionary strategy for dealing with environmental changes that maximize the chances that a progeny cell will be better adapted. In order to evolve, organisms have to mutate, so they turn on the mutation process when they are threatened with extinction."" <Life on earth does not notice a problem, and then start developing the genes to deal with it> It seems it can {does}, or at least changes the ones it has, or 'finds some'...or 'share' some: ""Bacteria can easily swap genes by direct transfer of genetic material from one cell to another, even between bacteria that are only distantly related. This well-known phenomenon allows harmful bacteria to react quickly to new host defenses, and to share their new counter-defenses with each other -- witness, for example, the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria.""unisci.com On top of that there seems to be the real posibility that 'genes' aren't the only code that might evolve: ""Barbieri also questions why biologists have failed to look for other codes and are satisfied with the genetic code alone, theorizing that, unlike the genetic code, biologists did not see other codes as being necessary. The genetic code was theoretically predicted and then found, while there was no prediction of other memories and codes; so these were not looked for and obviously would not be found. 'Now the theory is clear and they will be found'. According to Barbieri, all the mechanistic descriptions which constitute the large edifice of biochemistry and biology should now be rearranged and grouped into the new categories, marking the birth of semantic biology. Codes are everywhere, and it might be envisaged that in the near future the biological community may be much more concerned with codes not only as a theoretical necessity but as entities in themselves residing in organisms.""scielo.br DAK