To: Mary Cluney who wrote (170012 ) 6/15/2006 2:39:28 PM From: the_wheel Respond to of 793958 <Who was responsible?> According to the NYTIMES, the fickle finger of fate points to a DEMOCRAT President who snubbed a pastry chef in Versailles! Check out this account from September 4, 1969!! For the theorists out there : Also mentioned is a certain DEMOCRAT from ARKANSAS as well as the "Men In Black"!!!nytimes.com <Speaking to the DEMOCRAT FROM ARKANSAS shortly before his demise:> "I think I know the American people," ..., "and I don't understand how they can support their involvement in this war. Is the Statue of Liberty standing on her head?" ... he went to a trade school in Saigon in the summer of 1911 where he learned the duties of a kitchen boy and pastry cook's helper, skills in demand by Europeans of that day. ... went to live in London, where he worked as a snow shoveler and as a cook's helper under Escoffier, the master chef, at the Carlton Hotel. ... gave up the Carlton's kitchen for the sea and journeyed to the United States. He is believed to have lived in Harlem for a while. ... what impressed ... in the United States were "the barbarities and ugliness of American capitalism, the Ku Klux Klan mobs, the lynching of Negroes." Out of ... American experiences came a pamphlet, issued in Moscow in 1924, called "La Race Noire" ("The Black Race"), which assailed racial practices in America and Europe. ... At the Versailles Peace Conference of 1919 ... emerged as a self-appointed spokesman for his native land. Seeing in Woodrow Wilson's proposal for self-determination of the peoples the possibility of Vietnam's independence, ..., dressed in a hired black suit and bowler hat, traveled to the Palace of Versailles to present his case. He was, of course, not received, although he offered a program for Vietnam. Its proposals did not include independence, but basic freedoms and equality between the French rulers and the native population. Whatever hopes ... may have held for French liberation of Vietnam were destroyed in his mind by the failure of the Versailles Conference to settle colonial issues. His faith was now transferred to Socialist action. Indeed, his first recorded speech was at a congress of the French Socialist party in 1920, and it was a plea not for world revolution but "against the imperialists who have committed abhorrent crimes on my native land." He bid the party "act practically to support the oppressed natives." ... The Vietminh created a 10,000-man guerilla force, "Men in Black," that battled the Japanese in the jungles with notable success. ... actions projected him onto the world scene as the leading Vietnamese nationalist and as an ally of the United States against the Japanese. "I was a Communist," he said then, "but I am no longer one. I am a member of the Vietnamese family, nothing else." <Fascinating?>