To: FJB who wrote (202415 ) 6/15/2006 10:59:37 PM From: Joe NYC Read Replies (1) | Respond to of 275872 Science to get a power boost Supercomputer set for an upgrade at Oak Ridge National Laboratory By FRANK MUNGER, munger@knews.com June 15, 2006 OAK RIDGE - A new agreement with Cray Inc. will rapidly upgrade Oak Ridge National Laboratory's "Jaguar" supercomputer, perhaps making it the world's fastest machine for open scientific uses by the end of this year. The $180 million contract also includes the delivery of an as-yet-unnamed supercomputer - capable of one "petaflop," or 1,000 trillion calculations per second - by the end of 2008. "I'm on cloud nine," Thomas Zacharia, ORNL's scientific computing chief, said Wednesday. "From a laboratory perspective, we are very fortunate. This program is really coming to life." Zacharia said the contract with Cray was signed last week. The excitement is tempered only by the responsibility of bringing these awesome, groundbreaking machines to operation on a tight schedule and within the established scope and budget, he said. In 2004, the Oak Ridge laboratory was selected to head U.S. efforts to reclaim leadership in high-end scientific computing, and the venture with Cray is a big part of that program. ORNL has a stable of supercomputers in its National Center for Computational Sciences, and the leader of the pack is a Cray XT3, known as Jaguar. It currently is listed as the 10th fastest computer in the world, with a peak capability of 25 teraflops - or 25 trillion calculations per second. The Jaguar is used for scientific research on high-priority projects, from global climate change to nuclear fusion to complex biological structures. The new generation of computers allows scientists to attempt research projects and complex simulations that simply were impossible before. Within the next two months, the processors in the orange-and-white Jaguar cabinets will be doubled, pushing its peak capability up to 50 teraflops, Zacharia said. By the end of the calendar year, the supercomputer will be expanded, and the top end will reach 100 teraflops. In 2007, according to Zacharia, the number of processors will again be doubled, with Jaguar's processing capability expected to reach 250 teraflops, or 250 trillion calculations per second. The upgrades of Jaguar will lead ORNL into its next big computing venture: a petaflop machine for scientific research. Zacharia said he believes the lab's contract with Cray is the first ever to include the purchase of a petaflop machine. The new supercomputer will have a superscalar architecture similar to that of the Cray XT3, and it should be capable of being upgraded to an "even much bigger system," he said. "Right now it's code-named 'Baker' by Cray," the associate lab director said. It apparently will be manufactured as a Cray XT5, he said. ORNL will give the computer a nickname, and Zacharia said lab personnel are being asked to come up with nominations for the milestone machine. Traditionally, the supercomputers have been named after speedy animals, such as the jaguar and cheetah, but that could change this time around, he said. "Petaflop is such a milestone," Zacharia said. "I think we want to emphasize the scientific capability of this machine." Japan and European nations also are working on petascale computing projects, and the international competition is intense. ORNL is leading the U.S. government's effort in high-end scientific computing, although numerous other labs and institutions are supporting the endeavor. Zacharia said the computer advancements are complementing other big projects at ORNL, such as the Spallation Neutron Source, the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, and the U.S. headquarters for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor. "There is so much scientific excitement at the laboratory," he said. Senior Writer Frank Munger may be reached at 865-342-6329.knoxnews.com