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Pastimes : All American sofort Pension -- Ignore unavailable to you. Want to Upgrade?

To: Eddy Blinker who wrote (79)	8/2/2006 4:56:06 AM
From: Eddy Blinker	Read Replies (1) \| Respond to of 106

Attitude - NOT SENTIMENT - An attitude is "a psychological tendency that is expressed by evaluating a particular entity with some degree of favor or disfavor" (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993, p. 1). This tendency can be expressed by different types of evaluative responses. Social psychologists commonly differentiate between affective, cognitive and behavioral responses. Affective responses towards an attitude object manifest themselves in verbal expressions of feelings and physiological changes in the organism (e.g. increase of arousal). Cognitive responses refer to expressions of beliefs (e.g. expectancy-value judgments) and nonverbal reactions such as response latencies. Behavioral responses manifest in behavioral intentions and actions. Attitude theory and research deals with the structure, function, formation and change of attitudes, and is also concerned with the relationship between attitudes and behavior. The model of reasoned action (Fishbein & Ajzen, 1975), for example, provides a comprehensive approach to all of these aspects. In this model, the internal structure of an attitude is described in terms of beliefs (expectations), that relate the attitude object (a behavioral alternative) to evaluated attributes. The function of attitudes is to guide the formation of behavioral intentions. Attitude formation and change is viewed as a process of deliberative evaluation and belief updating. Attitudes are thought to impact behavior indirectly via behavioral intentions. More recent approaches, however, assume that a deliberative calculation of expectancy and values is not a necessary condition for either intention formation or attitude formation and change. There is ample evidence for example, that liking of an attitude object can be enhanced simply by increasing its presentation frequency (Zajonc, 1980) Furthermore, attitudes, if they are frequently activated from memory, tend to become activated automatically in the presence of the attitude object and then directly impact behavioral decisions (Fazio, 1990). sfb504.uni-mannheim.de